Perez-Escamilla R
Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis 95616-8669.
J Trop Pediatr. 1994 Jun;40(3):137-43. doi: 10.1093/tropej/40.3.137.
This paper compares breastfeeding patterns in Africa (AFR) and the Latin American and Caribbean region (LATCAR) based on demographic and health surveys conducted in 23 countries between 1986 and 1990. Results indicate that the proportion of infants who are never breastfed is twice as high in LATCAR than in AFR. The average median breastfeeding duration is 1.64 times higher in AFR (19.3 months) than in LATCAR (11.8 months). The longer breastfeeding duration found in AFR was due to a better lactation performance in both rural and urban areas. In both LATCAR and AFR 71 per cent of the 0-4-month infants were not breastfed exclusively during the first 4 months of life and breastfeeding duration was longer in rural than in urban areas. However, the degree of urbanization had a stronger negative effect on breastfeeding in LATCAR than in AFR. It is concluded that: (a) while LATCAR is in great need of breastfeeding promotion programmes, breastfeeding in AFR should be protected as it becomes more urbanized; (b) the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding remains a priority in both regions; and (c) the magnitude of the inverse association between urbanization and breastfeeding is likely to vary among regions with different socio-economic and cultural backgrounds.
本文基于1986年至1990年间在23个国家进行的人口与健康调查，比较了非洲（AFR）以及拉丁美洲和加勒比地区（LATCAR）的母乳喂养模式。结果表明，从未进行母乳喂养的婴儿比例在LATCAR是AFR的两倍。AFR的平均母乳喂养持续时间中位数（19.3个月）比LATCAR（11.8个月）高1.64倍。AFR母乳喂养持续时间较长是由于农村和城市地区的泌乳表现都更好。在LATCAR和AFR，71%的0至4个月婴儿在出生后的前4个月没有进行纯母乳喂养，且农村地区的母乳喂养持续时间比城市地区更长。然而，城市化程度对LATCAR母乳喂养的负面影响比对AFR的更强。研究得出以下结论：（a）虽然LATCAR迫切需要推广母乳喂养的项目，但随着AFR城市化程度的提高，其母乳喂养情况应得到保护；（b）在两个地区，推广纯母乳喂养仍然是优先事项；（c）城市化与母乳喂养之间负相关的程度可能因社会经济和文化背景不同的地区而有所差异。
