Burrows G D, Norman T R, Judd F K
Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
J Clin Psychiatry. 1991 Jul;52 Suppl:24-6.
Panic disorder is characterized by unexpected, unprovoked attacks of cognitive symptoms (e.g., dread, fear) and physical symptoms (e.g., palpitations, trembling, shortness of breath). It is the most common anxiety disorder seen in clinical practice. Pharmacotherapy has been shown to be effective in controlling symptoms of panic disorder, although potential disadvantages (e.g., adverse drug reactions, withdrawal syndrome, dependency) must be carefully assessed and balanced against the advantages. Current data indicate that for panic disorder, benzodiazepines prescribed for more than a 6-month period are as effective as other forms of pharmacotherapy, i.e., monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. Generally, doses of benzodiazepines used for the treatment of panic are higher compared to those used for generalized anxiety disorder.
惊恐障碍的特征是出现意想不到的、无端的认知症状（如恐惧、害怕）和身体症状（如心悸、颤抖、呼吸急促）发作。它是临床实践中最常见的焦虑障碍。药物治疗已被证明对控制惊恐障碍的症状有效，尽管必须仔细评估潜在的缺点（如药物不良反应、戒断综合征、依赖性），并与优点相权衡。目前的数据表明，对于惊恐障碍，开具超过6个月的苯二氮䓬类药物与其他形式的药物治疗（即单胺氧化酶抑制剂和三环类抗抑郁药）效果相同。一般来说，用于治疗惊恐的苯二氮䓬类药物剂量比用于广泛性焦虑障碍的剂量更高。
