Centrally necrotizing carcinoma of the breast: clinicopathological analysis of 33 cases indicating its basal-like phenotype and poor prognosis.

AIMS

To investigate the clinicopathological features and immunophenotype of centrally necrotizing carcinoma (CNC) of the breast to ascertain its relationship to basal-like phenotype and its prognosis.

METHODS AND RESULTS

The clinical and pathological characteristics of 33 CNCs were reviewed. Immunohistochemical study of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, cytokeratin (CK) 8/18, high-molecular-weight CK (34betaE12), CK5/6, CK14, CK17, smooth muscle antigen, p63, vimentin and epidermal growth factor receptor was performed. The striking feature of CNC was a central, necrotic or acellular zone surrounded by a ring-like area of viable tumour cells. The central zone showed three morphological types: predominance of coagulative necrosis (21 cases), predominance of fibrosis and scar tissue (nine cases) and infarction (three cases). Tumour cells displayed invasive ductal carcinoma of high grade. The expression rate of basal-like markers was higher than that of myoepithelial markers (87.9% versus 46.2%). Basal-like subtype was shown by 63.6% of cases. The expression rate of CK5/6 (90.5%) was highest among basal-like markers. Follow-up data of 19 patients were available. Median progression-free survival was 15.5 months. In 12 patients (63.2%), local recurrence and/or distant metastasis developed (median time to recurrence and/or metastasis, 14.0 months).

CONCLUSIONS

CNC has distinctive morphological features, which mostly exhibit a basal-like immunophenotype and poor prognosis. CNC is a typical representative of basal-like breast cancer.