Engerman David C
Department of History, Mailstop 036, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA.
Isis. 2010 Jun;101(2):393-400. doi: 10.1086/653106.
This essay examines ways in which American social science in the late twentieth century was--and was not--a creature of the Cold War. It identifies important work by historians that calls into question the assumption that all social science during the Cold War amounts to "Cold War social science." These historians attribute significant agency to social scientists, showing how they were enmeshed in both long-running disciplinary discussions and new institutional environments. Key trends in this scholarship include a broadening historical perspective to see social scientists in the Cold War as responding to the ideas of their scholarly predecessors; identifying the institutional legacies of World War II; and examining in close detail the products of extramural--especially governmental--funding. The result is a view of social science in the Cold War in which national security concerns are relevant, but with varied and often unexpected impacts on intellectual life.
本文探讨了20世纪后期美国社会科学在哪些方面是——以及哪些方面不是——冷战的产物。它指出了历史学家的重要著作，这些著作对冷战期间所有社会科学都等同于“冷战社会科学”这一假设提出了质疑。这些历史学家认为社会科学家具有重要作用，展示了他们如何深陷于长期的学科讨论和新的制度环境之中。这一学术研究的关键趋势包括拓宽历史视角，将冷战时期的社会科学家视为对其学术前辈的思想做出回应；确定第二次世界大战的制度遗产；并仔细研究校外——尤其是政府——资助的成果。其结果是对冷战时期社会科学的一种看法，即国家安全问题是相关的，但对知识生活有着多样且往往意想不到的影响。
