Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
Health Place. 2010 Nov;16(6):1156-65. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.07.007. Epub 2010 Aug 5.
This study explored the relationship between neighbourhood design and residents' fear of crime in new suburban housing developments. Self-report and objective data were collected as part of the RESIDential Environments (RESIDE) Project. A neighbourhood form index based on the planning and land-use characteristics that draw people into public space, facilitate pedestrian movement and ensure the presence of 'territorial guardians' was developed for each participant (n=1059) from objective environmental data. With each additional index attribute, the odds of being fearful reduced (trend test p value=0.001), and this persisted even after progressive adjustment for demographics, victimisation, collective efficacy and perceived problems. The findings support the notion that a more walkable neighbourhood is also a place, where residents feel safer, and provides further evidence endorsing a shift away from low density, curvilinear suburban developments towards more walkable communities with access to shops, parks and transit.
本研究探讨了新郊区住房开发中邻里设计与居民犯罪恐惧之间的关系。作为 RESIDential Environments (RESIDE) 项目的一部分，收集了自我报告和客观数据。为每个参与者（n=1059）从客观环境数据中开发了一个基于吸引人们进入公共空间、促进行人流动和确保“领土守护者”存在的规划和土地利用特征的邻里形式指数。随着指数属性的增加，恐惧的可能性降低（趋势检验 p 值=0.001），即使在逐步调整人口统计、受害情况、集体效能和感知问题后，这种情况仍然存在。研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即更适合步行的社区也是一个居民感到更安全的地方，并进一步证明了从低密度、曲线形郊区开发向更适合步行、可通往商店、公园和交通的社区转变的合理性。
