Hooper Paula, Foster Sarah, Bull Fiona, Knuiman Matthew, Christian Hayley, Timperio Anna, Wood Lisa, Trapp Gina, Boruff Bryan, Francis Jacinta, Strange Cecily, Badland Hannah, Gunn Lucy, Falconer Ryan, Learnihan Vincent, McCormack Gavin, Sugiyama Takemi, Giles-Corti Billie
Australian Urban Design Research Centre, School of Design, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
SSM Popul Health. 2020 Feb 4;10:100538. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100538. eCollection 2020 Apr.
The RESIDential Environments (RESIDE) project is a unique longitudinal natural experiment designed to evaluate the health impacts of the "Liveable Neighbourhoods" planning policy, which was introduced by the Western Australian government to create more walkable suburbs.
To summarize the RESIDE evidence of the impact of the planning policy on a range of health-supportive behaviours and wellbeing outcomes and to assess the consistency and direction of the estimates of associations.
An audit of 26 RESIDE research papers (from 2003 to 2012) identified the number of positive associations (statistically significant and consistent with policy expectations), negative associations (statistically significant and inconsistent with policy expectations), and null findings from multiple-exposure models between objective and perceived measures of 20 policy design requirements and 13 health-supportive behaviors and wellbeing outcomes.
In total 332 eligible estimates of associations ( = 257 objective measures and = 75 perceived measures) were identified. Positively significant findings were detected for: 57% of walking estimates with objectively measured policy design features (negative = 3%; null = 40%) ( = 115) and 54% perceived measures (negative = 0%; null = 33%) ( = 27); 42% of sense of community estimates with objectively measured of policy design features (negative = 8%; null = 50%) ( = 12) and 61% perceived measures (negative = 8%; null = 31%) ( = 13); 39% of safety or crime-related estimates with objectively measured of policy design features (negative = 22%; null = 39%) ( = 28) and 100% perceived measures ( = 7). All (n = 4) estimates for mental health outcomes with objectively measured policy-related design features were positively significant.
The synthesis of findings suggests that new suburban communities built in accordance with the "Liveable Neighbourhoods" policy have the potential to encourage health supportive behaviors and wellbeing outcomes including transport and recreation walking, and to create neighborhoods with a stronger sense of community where residents may feel safer.
住宅环境（RESIDE）项目是一项独特的纵向自然实验，旨在评估西澳大利亚州政府推出的“宜居社区”规划政策对健康的影响，该政策旨在打造更适合步行的郊区。
总结RESIDE项目中关于规划政策对一系列促进健康行为和幸福结果影响的证据，并评估关联估计的一致性和方向。
对26篇RESIDE研究论文（2003年至2012年）进行审核，确定在20项政策设计要求的客观和主观衡量指标与13种促进健康行为及幸福结果之间的多暴露模型中，正向关联（具有统计学意义且与政策预期一致）、负向关联（具有统计学意义且与政策预期不一致）以及无显著结果的数量。
共确定了332项符合条件的关联估计（客观衡量指标=257项，主观衡量指标=75项）。在客观测量的政策设计特征方面，57%的步行估计结果为正向显著（负向=3%；无显著结果=40%）（n=115），54%的主观测量结果为正向显著（负向=0%；无显著结果=33%）（n=27）；在客观测量的政策设计特征方面，42%的社区归属感估计结果为正向显著（负向=8%；无显著结果=50%）（n=12），61%的主观测量结果为正向显著（负向=8%；无显著结果=31%）（n=13）；在客观测量的政策设计特征方面，39%的安全或犯罪相关估计结果为正向显著（负向=22%；无显著结果=39%）（n=28），100%的主观测量结果为正向显著（n=7）。所有（n=4）与心理健康结果相关的、基于客观测量的政策相关设计特征的估计结果均为正向显著。
研究结果综合表明，按照“宜居社区”政策建设的新郊区社区有可能鼓励促进健康的行为和幸福结果，包括交通和休闲步行，并营造出社区意识更强、居民可能感觉更安全的社区。
