Macintyre S, Watt G, West P, Ecob R
MRC Medical Sociology Unit, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 1991 Jun;45(2):143-7. doi: 10.1136/jech.45.2.143.
The aim was to examine social and physical correlates of blood pressure in 15 year olds.
This was the first, baseline, sweep of a longitudinal survey of 15 year olds based on a two stage stratified clustered random sample.
The Central Clydeside Conurbation, in the West of Scotland. In 1981 this had a population of 1.7 million and a standardised mortality ratio (relative to Scotland as a whole) of 109.
A random sample of households containing 15 year olds were approached by Strathclyde Regional Council; 70% agreed to have their names passed on to the MRC (15% refused, 10% could not be contacted, and 5% had moved). Of these 1177, 11% refused to participate, 3% were not contactable/had moved, and 4% did not provide full data. Complete blood pressure data are available for 959 15 year olds (464 males and 495 females).
Blood pressure, pulse rate, height, weight, and room temperature were measured by nurses in the subjects' homes. Smoking, drinking, and frequency of vigorous exercise were self reported. Maternal height, birthweight, occupation of head of household, and housing tenure were reported by parents. After controlling for the other variables, systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with weight, pulse rate, and room temperature in males and with weight, pulse rate, housing tenure, smoking, and exercise in females. Diastolic blood pressure was associated with room temperature in males and with mother's height, pulse rate, and housing tenure in females. Controlling for current weight, birthweight was inversely related to systolic blood pressure in males and positively associated in females, though in neither case were these associations statistically significant.
In males, blood pressure was mainly related to anthropometric factors whereas in females it was additionally related to socioeconomic and behavioural variables. Although not reaching significance, the weight standardised relationship between birthweight and systolic blood pressure was consistent for males, but not females, with those reported by recent British studies of children and adults. The longitudinal design of this study will allow us to examine correlates of blood pressure in the same individuals as they reach social and physical maturity.
旨在研究15岁青少年血压的社会和身体相关因素。
这是一项基于两阶段分层整群随机抽样的15岁青少年纵向调查的首次基线普查。
苏格兰西部的克莱德赛德中心地区。1981年该地区人口为170万，标准化死亡率（相对于整个苏格兰）为109。
斯特拉斯克莱德地区议会对有15岁青少年的家庭进行随机抽样；70%的家庭同意将其姓名转交给医学研究委员会（15%拒绝，10%无法联系上，5%已搬走）。在这1177个家庭中，11%拒绝参与，3%无法联系上/已搬走，4%未提供完整数据。959名15岁青少年（464名男性和495名女性）有完整的血压数据。
护士在研究对象家中测量血压、脉搏率、身高、体重和室温。吸烟、饮酒和剧烈运动频率由研究对象自我报告。母亲身高、出生体重、户主职业和住房保有情况由父母报告。在控制其他变量后，男性收缩压与体重、脉搏率和室温显著相关，女性收缩压与体重、脉搏率、住房保有情况、吸烟和运动显著相关。男性舒张压与室温相关，女性舒张压与母亲身高、脉搏率和住房保有情况相关。在控制当前体重后，出生体重与男性收缩压呈负相关，与女性收缩压呈正相关，尽管在这两种情况下这些关联均无统计学意义。
在男性中，血压主要与人体测量因素有关，而在女性中，血压还与社会经济和行为变量有关。尽管未达到显著水平，但出生体重与收缩压之间的体重标准化关系在男性中与近期英国儿童和成人研究报告的结果一致，而在女性中则不一致。本研究的纵向设计将使我们能够在同一批个体达到社会和身体成熟时研究血压的相关因素。
