Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2010 Sep;39(3):541-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2010.05.001. Epub 2010 Jul 8.
In 1922, Leonard Thompson received the first injections of insulin prepared from the pancreas of canine test subjects. From pancreatectomized dogs to the more recent development of animal models that spontaneously develop autoimmune syndromes, animal models have played a meaningful role in furthering diabetes research. Of these animals, the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is the most widely used for research in type 1 diabetes (T1D) because the NOD shares several genetic and immunologic traits with the human form of the disease. In this article, the authors discuss the similarities and differences in NOD and human T1D and the potential role of NOD mice in future preclinical studies, aiming to provide a better understanding of the genetic and immune defects that lead to T1D.
1922 年，伦纳德·汤普森（Leonard Thompson）接受了首次从犬科实验对象胰腺中提取的胰岛素注射。从胰腺切除的狗到最近自发发展出自身免疫综合征的动物模型的发展，动物模型在推进糖尿病研究方面发挥了重要作用。在这些动物中，非肥胖型糖尿病（NOD）小鼠是用于 1 型糖尿病（T1D）研究最广泛的动物，因为 NOD 与人类形式的疾病具有多种遗传和免疫特征。在本文中，作者讨论了 NOD 和人类 T1D 的相似之处和不同之处，以及 NOD 小鼠在未来临床前研究中的潜在作用，旨在更好地了解导致 T1D 的遗传和免疫缺陷。
