MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 Aug 20;59(32):1009-13.
Heat illness during practice or competition is a leading cause of death and disability among U.S. high school athletes. An estimated 7.5 million students participate in high school sports annually. To examine the incidence and characteristics of heat illness among high school athletes, CDC analyzed data from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study for the period 2005-2009, which includes the 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09 school years. During 2005-2009, the 100 schools sampled reported a total of 118 heat illnesses among high school athletes resulting in >or=1 days of time lost from athletic activity (i.e., time-loss heat illness), a rate of 1.6 per 100,000 athlete-exposures and an average of 29.5 time-loss heat illnesses per school year. The average corresponds to a weighted average annual estimate of 9,237 illnesses nationwide. The highest rate of time-loss heat illness was among football players, 4.5 per 100,000 athlete-exposures, a rate 10 times higher than the average rate (0.4) for the eight other sports. Time-loss heat illnesses occurred most frequently during August (66.3%) and while practicing or playing football (70.7%). No deaths were reported. Consistent with guidelines from the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA), to reduce the risk for heat illness, high school athletic programs should implement heat-acclimatization guidelines (e.g., set limits on summer practice duration and intensity). All athletes, coaches, athletic trainers, and parents/guardians should be aware of the risk factors for heat illness, follow recommended strategies, and be prepared to respond quickly to symptoms of illness. Coaches also should continue to stress to their athletes the importance of maintaining proper hydration before, during, and after sports activities.
在美国高中生运动员中，热相关疾病是导致死亡和残疾的主要原因之一。每年约有 750 万名学生参加高中体育活动。为了研究高中生运动员中热相关疾病的发生率和特征，疾病预防控制中心分析了 2005-2009 年国家高中体育相关伤害监测研究的数据，其中包括 2005-06、2006-07、2007-08 和 2008-09 学年。在 2005-2009 年期间，抽样的 100 所学校报告了 118 例高中生运动员热相关疾病，导致运动员 >或=1 天无法参加体育活动（即失能性热相关疾病），发病率为每 10 万名运动员暴露 1.6 例，平均每所学校每年 29.5 例失能性热相关疾病。这一数字对应于全国范围内每年 9237 例疾病的加权平均估计数。失能性热相关疾病发病率最高的是足球运动员，每 10 万名运动员暴露 4.5 例，是其他 8 项运动平均发病率（0.4）的 10 倍。失能性热相关疾病最常发生在 8 月（66.3%），并且在练习或进行足球比赛时（70.7%）。没有报告死亡病例。根据国家运动训练员协会（NATA）的指南，为了降低热相关疾病的风险，高中体育项目应实施热适应指南（例如，限制夏季训练时间和强度）。所有运动员、教练、运动训练员和家长/监护人都应意识到热相关疾病的风险因素，遵循推荐的策略，并准备快速应对疾病症状。教练还应继续向运动员强调在体育活动前后保持适当水分摄入的重要性。
