Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, SP, Brazil.
Environ Toxicol. 2012 May;27(5):257-67. doi: 10.1002/tox.20638. Epub 2010 Aug 19.
This study aimed to provide the first biomonitoring integrating biomarkers and bioaccumulation data in São Paulo coast, Brazil and, for this purpose, a battery of biomarkers of defense mechanisms was analyzed and linked to contaminants' body burden in a weigh-of-evidence approach. The brown mussel Perna perna was selected to be transplanted from a farming area (Caraguatatuba) to four possibly polluted sites: Engenho D'Água, DTCS (Dutos e Terminais do Centro-Oeste de São Paulo) oil terminal (Sao Sebastiao zone), Palmas Island, and Itaipu (It; Santos Bay zone). After 3 months of exposure in each season, mussels were recollected and the cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)- and CYP3A-like activities, glutathione-S-transferase and antioxidants enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) were analyzed in gills. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, linear alkylbenzenes, and nonessential metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, and Hg) in whole tissue were also analyzed and data were linked to biomarkers' responses by multivariate analysis (principal component analysis-factor analysis). A representation of estimated factor scores was performed to confirm the factor descriptions and to characterize the studied stations. Biomarkers exhibited most significant alterations all year long in mussels transplanted to It, located at Santos Bay zone, where bioaccumulation of organic and inorganic compounds was detected. This integrated approach using transplanted mussels showed satisfactory results, pointing out differences between sites, seasons, and critical areas, which could be related to land-based contaminants' sources. The influence of natural factors and other contaminants (e.g., pharmaceuticals) on biomarkers' responses are also discussed.
本研究旨在提供巴西圣保罗海岸首个整合生物标志物和生物累积数据的生物监测研究，为此，采用证据权重法分析了一系列防御机制生物标志物，并将其与污染物的体内负荷联系起来。选择棕色贻贝（Perna perna）进行移植，从养殖区（卡瓜塔图巴）移植到四个可能受到污染的地点：Engenho D'Água、DTCS（巴西中西部管道和终端）石油码头（圣塞巴斯蒂昂区）、帕尔马岛和伊塔伊普（伊塔；桑托斯湾区）。每个季节暴露 3 个月后，重新采集贻贝，并在鳃中分析细胞色素 P4501A（CYP1A）和 CYP3A 样活性、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和抗氧化酶（过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶）。还分析了整个组织中多环芳烃、直链烷基苯和非必需金属（Cr、Cd、Pb 和 Hg）的浓度，并通过多元分析（主成分分析-因子分析）将数据与生物标志物的反应联系起来。对估计因子得分的表示进行了执行，以确认因子描述并表征研究站。在位于桑托斯湾区的伊塔，全年贻贝的生物标志物都发生了最显著的变化，在那里检测到了有机和无机化合物的生物累积。使用移植贻贝的这种综合方法取得了令人满意的结果，指出了站点、季节和关键区域之间的差异，这些差异可能与陆基污染物的来源有关。还讨论了自然因素和其他污染物（例如，药物）对生物标志物反应的影响。
