Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, European Public Health Alliance, Brussels.
Clin Med (Lond). 2010 Jun;10(3):259-63. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.10-3-259.
Changing alcohol consumption has led to a three- to fivefold increase in liver deaths in the UK and Finland, and a three- to fivefold decrease in France and Italy. Increasing consumption from a low baseline has been driven by fiscal, marketing and commercial factors--some of which have occurred as a result of countries joining the EU. In contrast consumption has fallen from previously very high levels as a result of shifting social and cultural factors; a move from rural to urban lifestyles and increased health consciousness. The marketing drive in these countries has had to shift from a model based on quantity to one based on quality, which means that health gains have occurred alongside a steady improvement in the overall value of the wine industry. Fiscal incentives--minimum pricing, restricting cross border trade and more volumetric taxation could aid this shift. A healthier population and a healthy drinks industry are not incompatible.
饮酒习惯的改变导致英国和芬兰的肝死亡率增加了三到五倍，法国和意大利则减少了三到五倍。从低基数增加的消费是由财政、营销和商业因素驱动的，其中一些因素是由于各国加入欧盟所致。相比之下，由于社会和文化因素的变化，消费已经从以前非常高的水平下降；从农村到城市的生活方式转变以及健康意识的增强。这些国家的营销模式必须从基于数量的模式转变为基于质量的模式，这意味着在健康收益的同时，葡萄酒行业的整体价值也在稳步提高。财政激励措施——最低定价、限制跨境贸易和更多的容积税——可以促进这种转变。一个更健康的人口和一个健康的饮料行业并非不可兼得。
