Pitetti K H, Campbell K D
Department of Health, Administration, and Gerontology, Wichita State University, KS 67208-1595.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 May;23(5):586-93.
When comparing the aging process of mentally retarded (MR) persons with the nondisabled population, researchers have established an earlier lower limit for the onset of old age for MR persons and a higher mortality rate. The reason for early senescence has not been successfully resolved, but the finding that cardiovascular disorders are the most prevalent form of disease among elderly MR persons suggests a relationship between lifestyles and higher mortality rate. Indeed, studies that evaluated the cardiovascular fitness (CVF) of MR individuals demonstrated substandard levels of fitness. The results of these studies, however, are not conclusive due to variation in test methodologies, motivational factors, and issues of test validity and reliability. Training studies which have purported to determine trainability of this population have also shown confusing results, perhaps attributed to the same protocol inconsistencies. Therefore, the purposes of this article are 1) to review previous methods of evaluating CVF of MR adults and determine whether testing methodologies invalidate the results of these studies, 2) to review training studies involving adult MR individuals and determine whether this population is capable of improving their CVF, and 3) to identify areas where further research is needed to fully describe the functional cardiovascular characteristics of MR adults.
在比较智障人士与非残疾人群的衰老过程时，研究人员确定了智障人士老年期开始的下限更早，且死亡率更高。早衰的原因尚未得到成功解决，但有研究发现心血管疾病是老年智障人群中最普遍的疾病形式，这表明生活方式与较高的死亡率之间存在关联。事实上，评估智障个体心血管健康状况（CVF）的研究表明其健康水平未达标准。然而，由于测试方法、动机因素以及测试有效性和可靠性等问题存在差异，这些研究结果并不具有决定性。旨在确定该人群可训练性的训练研究也得出了令人困惑的结果，这可能归因于相同的方案不一致性。因此，本文的目的是：1）回顾先前评估成年智障人士CVF的方法，并确定测试方法是否使这些研究结果无效；2）回顾涉及成年智障个体的训练研究，并确定该人群是否有能力改善其CVF；3）确定需要进一步研究以全面描述成年智障人士功能性心血管特征的领域。
