Pitetti K H, Tan D M
Department of Health, Administration, and Gerontology, College of Health Professions, Wichita State University, KS 67208-1595.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 May;23(5):594-601.
Previous exercise studies that attempted to improve the cardiovascular fitness (CVF) of mentally retarded (MR) adults were flawed with methodological shortcomings that prevented conclusive results. At issue in these training studies were fitness test validity and reliability, exactness of duration and intensity of training, and an inordinate amount of supervision. Therefore, we sought to determine whether moderately MR adults (seven males, five females; IQ = 61 +/- 3, age = 25 +/- 3 yr) could improve their CVF through a minimally supervised 16-wk training program. Each subject repeated exercise tests twice on two different modes of exercise, the treadmill (TM) and Schwinn Air-Dyne ergometer (SAE), before training to ensure validity and reliability of initial CVF levels. Intensity and frequency of exercise were closely monitored. An observer was present during the training bouts, but, following initial instructions, no additional encouragement or instructions were given. Although the training program significantly increased peak VO2 (29.2 +/- 8 to 33.5 +/- 9 ml.kg-1.min-1) and peak ventilation (73 +/- 26 to 81 +/- 231.min-1) when assessed on the TM, significant changes in these same parameters were not seen when assessed on the SAE. The importance of these results was discussed.
以往试图改善智障成年人心血管健康状况（CVF）的运动研究存在方法学缺陷，导致无法得出确凿结果。这些训练研究存在的问题包括体能测试的有效性和可靠性、训练持续时间和强度的精确性以及过多的监督。因此，我们试图确定中度智障成年人（7名男性，5名女性；智商=61±3，年龄=25±3岁）是否可以通过一个最少监督的16周训练计划来改善他们的心血管健康状况。在训练前，每个受试者在两种不同的运动模式下重复进行两次运动测试，即跑步机（TM）和施温空气动力测力计（SAE），以确保初始心血管健康水平的有效性和可靠性。运动强度和频率受到密切监测。在训练期间有一名观察者在场，但在给出初始指导后，不再给予额外的鼓励或指导。尽管在跑步机上评估时，训练计划显著提高了峰值摄氧量（从29.2±8提高到33.5±9毫升·千克-1·分钟-1）和峰值通气量（从73±26提高到81±231·分钟-1），但在施温空气动力测力计上评估时，这些相同参数并未出现显著变化。讨论了这些结果的重要性。
