DeVita P, Stribling J
Department of Physical Education, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 May;23(5):602-10.
The purpose of this study was to measure lower extremity joint moments of force and joint muscle powers used to perform backward running. Ten trials of high speed (100 Hz) sagittal plane film records and ground reaction force data (1000 Hz) describing backward running were obtained from each of five male runners. Fifteen trials of forward running data were obtained from one of these subjects. Inverse dynamics were performed on these data to obtain the joint moments and powers, which were normalized to body mass to make between-subject comparisons. Backward running hip moment and power patterns were similar in magnitude and opposite in direction to forward running curves and produced more positive work in stance. Functional roles of knee and ankle muscles were interchanged between backward and forward running. Knee extensors were the primary source of propulsion in backward running owing to greater moment and power output (peak moment = 3.60 N.m.kg-1; peak power = 12.40 W.kg-1) compared with the ankle (peak moment = 1.92 N.m.kg-1; peak power = 7.05 W.kg-1). The ankle plantarflexors were the primary shock absorbers, producing the greatest negative power (peak = -6.77 W.kg-1) during early stance. Forward running had greater ankle moment and power output for propulsion and greater knee negative power for impact attenuation. The large knee moment in backward running supported previous findings indicating that backward running training leads to increased knee extensor torque capabilities.
本研究的目的是测量用于向后跑的下肢关节力矩和关节肌肉功率。从五名男性跑步者中的每一位获取了10次高速（100Hz）矢状面影片记录和描述向后跑的地面反作用力数据（1000Hz）。从其中一名受试者获取了15次向前跑的数据。对这些数据进行逆动力学分析以获得关节力矩和功率，并将其归一化到体重以进行受试者间比较。向后跑时髋关节力矩和功率模式在大小上与向前跑曲线相似，但方向相反，并且在支撑期产生更多的正功。膝关节和踝关节肌肉的功能作用在向后跑和向前跑之间互换。由于与踝关节相比（峰值力矩 = 1.92N·m·kg-1；峰值功率 = 7.05W·kg-1），膝关节伸肌在向后跑中是主要的推进力来源，其力矩和功率输出更大（峰值力矩 = 3.60N·m·kg-1；峰值功率 = 12.40W·kg-1）。踝关节跖屈肌是主要的减震器，在支撑初期产生最大的负功率（峰值 = -6.77W·kg-1）。向前跑在推进时有更大的踝关节力矩和功率输出，在冲击衰减时有更大的膝关节负功率。向后跑时较大的膝关节力矩支持了先前的研究结果，即向后跑训练会导致膝关节伸肌扭矩能力增加。
