Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT Millennium, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Youth Physical Development Unit, School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cyncoed Campus, Cyncoed Road, Cardiff, CF23 6XD, UK.
Sports Med. 2018 May;48(5):1083-1096. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0877-5.
Backward running (BR) is a form of locomotion that occurs in short bursts during many overground field and court sports. It has also traditionally been used in clinical settings as a method to rehabilitate lower body injuries. Comparisons between BR and forward running (FR) have led to the discovery that both may be generated by the same neural circuitry. Comparisons of the acute responses to FR reveal that BR is characterised by a smaller ratio of braking to propulsive forces, increased step frequency, decreased step length, increased muscle activity and reliance on isometric and concentric muscle actions. These biomechanical differences have been critical in informing recent scientific explorations which have discovered that BR can be used as a method for reducing injury and improving a variety of physical attributes deemed advantageous to sports performance. This includes improved lower body strength and power, decreased injury prevalence and improvements in change of direction performance following BR training. The current findings from research help improve our understanding of BR biomechanics and provide evidence which supports BR as a useful method to improve athlete performance. However, further acute and longitudinal research is needed to better understand the utility of BR in athletic performance programs.
后退跑（BR）是一种在许多地面和球场运动中短时间内发生的运动形式。它也一直被传统上用于临床环境中，作为一种康复下肢损伤的方法。BR 与前向跑（FR）的比较导致了一个发现，即两者可能由相同的神经回路产生。对 FR 的急性反应的比较表明，BR 的特点是制动与推进力的比例较小，步频增加，步长减小，肌肉活动增加，依赖等长和向心肌肉动作。这些生物力学差异对于最近的科学探索至关重要，这些探索发现 BR 可以用作减少受伤和提高各种被认为对运动表现有利的身体属性的方法。这包括提高下肢力量和力量、降低受伤发生率以及通过 BR 训练改善变向性能。目前的研究结果有助于提高我们对 BR 生物力学的理解，并提供支持 BR 作为提高运动员表现的有用方法的证据。然而，需要进一步的急性和纵向研究来更好地了解 BR 在运动表现计划中的实用性。
