Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2010 Nov;56(5):444-53. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0b013e3181f605b6.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are short approximately 22-nucleotide noncoding RNAs that bind to messenger RNA transcripts and in doing so modulate cognate gene expression. In eukaryotes, miRNAs act primarily by causing translational repression although they may also act to destabilize RNA transcripts. During the past few years, a number of studies have demonstrated that miR expression changes as a result of cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure. Additionally, cell-based and transgenic mouse studies have demonstrated that individual miRs can affect a number of aspects of cardiac biology including developmental processes, stem cell differentiation, progression of hypertrophy and failure, ion channel function, as well as angiogenesis, rates of apoptosis, and fibroblast proliferation. In this review, we will summarize several of the miRs known to change in expression in association with heart failure and outline details of what is known about their putative targets. In addition, we will review several aspects of regulation of miR expression that have not been addressed in a cardiovascular context. Finally, as is common to all new and rapidly moving fields, we will highlight some of the gaps and inconsistencies related to miR expression and cardiac phenotypes, particularly those associated with heart failure.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) 是大约 22 个核苷酸的短非编码 RNA，可与信使 RNA 转录本结合，并在此过程中调节同源基因的表达。在真核生物中，miRNAs 主要通过引起翻译抑制起作用，尽管它们也可能作用于不稳定 RNA 转录本。在过去的几年中，许多研究表明，miR 的表达会因心脏肥大或心力衰竭而发生变化。此外，基于细胞和转基因小鼠的研究表明，个别 miRs 可以影响心脏生物学的许多方面，包括发育过程、干细胞分化、肥大和衰竭的进展、离子通道功能以及血管生成、细胞凋亡率和成纤维细胞增殖。在这篇综述中，我们将总结与心力衰竭相关的已知表达发生变化的几种 miR，并概述关于其假定靶标的详细信息。此外，我们将回顾一些尚未在心血管背景下解决的 miR 表达调控的几个方面。最后，与所有新的和快速发展的领域一样，我们将突出显示与 miR 表达和心脏表型相关的一些差距和不一致之处，特别是与心力衰竭相关的那些。
