Department of Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, Texas 79016-0001, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2010 Sep;66(9):996-1001. doi: 10.1002/ps.1972.
Chlorantraniliprole, a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide, was recently introduced into the United States where rice-crayfish crop rotations are practiced to control rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel) infestations. Chlorantraniliprole has high margins of mammalian safety and excellent insecticidal efficacy, but its toxicity to non-target crayfish is uncertain. In this study, the acute toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii Girard was determined using aquatic and feeding assays.
The aquatic 96 h median lethal toxicity (LC(50)) data indicate that technical-grade chlorantraniliprole is highly toxic (US EPA category) to crayfish with an LC(50) of 951 microg L(-1) (95% CL = 741-1118 microg L(-1)). A no observed effect concentration (NOEC) of 480 microg L(-1) was recorded. Neither the 36 day chronic feeding study, where crayfish fed on chlorantraniliprole-treated rice seed in aquaria, nor the 144 h acute feeding test, where crayfish fed on rice seeds treated with chlorantraniliprole, produced mortality or abnormal behavior.
Chlorantraniliprole is three orders of magnitude less acutely toxic to P. clarkii than lambda-cyhalothrin and etofenprox, two pyrethroid insecticides also used in rice, and is less likely to cause acute crayfish toxicity in rice pond ecosystems. Based on acute toxicity data, the use of chlorantraniliprole should be more compatible with rice-crayfish crop rotations than pyrethroids.
氯虫苯甲酰胺，一种新型邻苯二甲酰胺类杀虫剂，最近被引入美国，用于控制稻水象甲（Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel）的侵害，因为那里实行水稻-小龙虾轮作。氯虫苯甲酰胺对哺乳动物具有很高的安全性和优异的杀虫功效，但对非靶标小龙虾的毒性尚不确定。本研究采用水生和摄食试验测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺对克氏原螯虾 Procambarus clarkii Girard 的急性毒性。
水中 96 小时半数致死毒性（LC50）数据表明，技术级氯虫苯甲酰胺对小龙虾具有高毒性（美国环保署分类），LC50 为 951 µg/L（95%置信区间为 741-1118 µg/L）。记录到无观察效应浓度（NOEC）为 480 µg/L。无论是在水族馆中以氯虫苯甲酰胺处理过的水稻种子为食的 36 天慢性摄食研究，还是以氯虫苯甲酰胺处理过的水稻种子为食的 144 小时急性摄食试验，都没有产生死亡率或异常行为。
氯虫苯甲酰胺对 P. clarkii 的急性毒性比两种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂，即氯氟氰菊酯和乙氰菊酯，低三个数量级，在稻田生态系统中不太可能引起小龙虾急性毒性。基于急性毒性数据，氯虫苯甲酰胺的使用应该比拟除虫菊酯更适合水稻-小龙虾轮作。
