Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Sep;116(3):800-803. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181f680c8.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved both a bivalent and quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has recommended that HPV vaccination routinely be given to girls when they are 11 years or 12 years old. The vaccine can be given to individuals as young as 9 years; catch-up vaccination is recommended in females aged 13 years through 26 years. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists endorses these recommendations. Although obstetrician-gynecologists are not likely to care for many girls in the initial vaccination target group, they are critical to the catch-up vaccination period. Both HPV vaccines are most effective if given before any exposure to HPV infection (ie, before sexual activity). However, sexually active girls and women can receive some benefit from the vaccination because exposure to all HPV types prevented by the vaccines is unlikely in females aged 13 years through 26 years. Vaccination with either HPV vaccine is not recommended for pregnant women. It can be provided to women who are breastfeeding. The need for booster vaccination has not been established but appears unnecessary. Health care providers are encouraged to discuss with their patients the benefits and limitations of the HPV vaccine and the need for routine cervical cytology screening for those aged 21 years and older.
美国食品和药物管理局已批准二价和四价人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗。免疫实践咨询委员会建议，HPV 疫苗应在女孩 11 岁或 12 岁时常规接种。该疫苗可用于 9 岁及以上的个体；建议对 13 岁至 26 岁的女性进行补种。美国妇产科医师学会认可这些建议。尽管妇产科医生不太可能照顾到初始接种目标组中的许多女孩，但他们对补种期至关重要。如果在 HPV 感染（即性行为之前）之前接种 HPV 疫苗，两种 HPV 疫苗都最有效。然而，对于有性行为的女孩和妇女，接种疫苗也可能会有一些益处，因为在 13 岁至 26 岁的女性中，不太可能接触到疫苗预防的所有 HPV 类型。不建议孕妇接种 HPV 疫苗。可以为哺乳期妇女提供。尚未确定是否需要加强免疫接种，但似乎没有必要。鼓励医疗保健提供者与患者讨论 HPV 疫苗的益处和局限性，以及对 21 岁及以上人群进行常规宫颈细胞学筛查的必要性。
