D'Aoust L, Munbodh P, Sookram C, Paratian U, Gaüzère B A, Aubry P
Service de gastro-entérologie, Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Med Trop (Mars). 2010 Jun;70(3):229-38.
Mauritius is an island nation off the coast of Africa in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Improved socio-sanitation conditions over the past years have dramatically decreased the incidence of tropical diseases to levels comparable with those observed in developed countries. Some tropical illnesses including malaria, schistosomiasis, cysticercosis and lymphatic filariasis have been eradicated. Others such as amibiasis, typhoid fever and leprosy have become rare. However, because of the island's geographical proximity to countries with uncontrolled and suboptimal socio-sanitation conditions and its humid subtropical climate, there is a continued risk for certain vector transmitted tropical diseases such as Chikungunya and dengue. In addition, the incidence of HIV infection and AIDS has been rising rapidly since 2004 and tuberculosis remains a public health problem. Better living conditions have also been accompanied by an increase in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases that, along with cancer, are now the main causes of morbidity and mortality.
毛里求斯是印度洋西南部非洲海岸附近的一个岛国。过去几年社会卫生条件的改善已使热带疾病的发病率大幅下降，降至与发达国家相当的水平。一些热带疾病，包括疟疾、血吸虫病、囊尾蚴病和淋巴丝虫病已被根除。其他疾病，如阿米巴病、伤寒和麻风病已变得罕见。然而，由于该岛在地理上靠近社会卫生条件失控和欠佳的国家，且其气候为湿润的亚热带气候，某些通过病媒传播的热带疾病，如基孔肯雅热和登革热，仍存在持续风险。此外，自2004年以来，艾滋病毒感染和艾滋病的发病率一直在迅速上升，结核病仍然是一个公共卫生问题。生活条件的改善还伴随着心血管疾病和代谢性疾病的增加，这些疾病与癌症一起，现在是发病和死亡的主要原因。
