Manzardo Christian, Treviño Begoña, Gómez i Prat Jordi, Cabezos Juan, Monguí Eliana, Clavería Isabel, Luis Del Val José, Zabaleta Edurne, Zarzuela Francesc, Navarro Roser
Tropical Medicine and International Health Unit Drassanes, Institut Català de la Salut, Av. Drassanes 17-21, 08001 Barcelona, Spain.
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2008 Jan-Mar;6(1-2):4-11. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2007.11.002. Epub 2008 Feb 21.
For geographical and historical reasons, Spain is receiving an increasing number of immigrants. The aim of this study was to evaluate some epidemiological aspects and the main public health issues of communicable diseases in Barcelona's immigrant population. From 2001 to 2004, a population of immigrants from tropical, subtropical regions and Eastern Europe was attended to in our centre. Each patient was offered a complete screening for tropical and common diseases. The prevalence and demographical characteristics of eight diseases with a potential risk of transmission in our setting were studied: latent and active tuberculosis, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), Chagas disease, Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar. In all, 2464 immigrants mainly from sub-Saharan Africa were seen. Among the patients who underwent the screening, 46.5% had a positive tuberculin skin test (>or=10 mm), incidence of active tuberculosis was 324.7/100,000 immigrants in the period of the study, 6.4% had a positive syphilis serology, 7.7% had a positive HBsAg, 3.1% had a positive serology for HCV and 2.8% were HIV positive, 41 patients from Latin America with risk factors for American Trypanosomiasis were screened for Chagas disease by immunofluorescence assay and 34% had a positive result; 5.4% of stools parasitological tests were positive for G. intestinalis; 4.2% for E. histolytica/E. dispar. Communicable diseases in immigrant population could lead to emerging and re-emerging infections in the European Union with important issues for public health. European countries may have to establish guidelines for screening of infectious diseases in immigrants from low-income countries.
由于地理和历史原因，西班牙接收的移民数量日益增加。本研究旨在评估巴塞罗那移民人口中传染病的一些流行病学方面情况以及主要公共卫生问题。2001年至2004年期间，我们中心接待了来自热带、亚热带地区及东欧的移民群体。为每位患者提供了针对热带疾病和常见疾病的全面筛查。研究了在我们的环境中具有潜在传播风险的八种疾病的患病率和人口统计学特征：潜伏性和活动性结核病、梅毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）、恰加斯病、肠贾第虫以及溶组织内阿米巴/迪斯帕内阿米巴。总共诊治了2464名主要来自撒哈拉以南非洲的移民。在接受筛查的患者中，46.5%的人结核菌素皮肤试验呈阳性（≥10毫米），研究期间活动性结核病的发病率为每10万移民中有324.7例，6.4%的人梅毒血清学检测呈阳性，7.7%的人乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）呈阳性，3.1%的人丙肝病毒血清学检测呈阳性，2.8%的人HIV呈阳性，对41名来自拉丁美洲且有美洲锥虫病危险因素的患者通过免疫荧光试验筛查恰加斯病，34%的结果呈阳性；5.4%的粪便寄生虫学检测对肠贾第虫呈阳性；4.2%对溶组织内阿米巴/迪斯帕内阿米巴呈阳性。移民群体中的传染病可能导致欧盟出现新出现和重新出现的感染，这对公共卫生具有重要影响。欧洲国家可能不得不制定针对来自低收入国家移民的传染病筛查指南。
