[Evaluation of exposure of the Moscow population to ambient air pollution by carcinogenic substances].

The rapid growth of motor transport in Moscow has led to a substantial increase in the volumes of pollutant emissions into the city's air. As of 2007, the motor transport fleet of the city approximated 3 million units annually consuming about 5 million tons of motor fuel. Carcinogenic substances, such as formaldehyde and benzene, are supervised in the ambient air of Moscow. To evaluate their adverse effect on human health, carcinogenic risks are calculated from their annual average concentrations. The levels of total carcinogenic risks from the impact of the average concentrations of formaldehyde and benzene in the period 2005 to 2007 in all areas correspond to the maximum permissible (alarm) risk that requires measures to improve ambient air. According to the results of the investigation, health promotion measures are recommended to the Government of Moscow.