Fuenzalida-Puelma H L
Legal Affairs Office, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C. 20037.
Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1990;24(4):425-45.
As medical barriers to human organ transplants have fallen, serious legal and ethical obstacles have emerged. This article provides an overview of those obstacles, taking into account the relevant legislation in force in 16 Latin American countries in 1989. The author proceeds by considering postmortem and inter-vivos organ donations separately and examining the principal ethical and legal issues relating to each kind. In the case of postmortem donation these deal mainly with donor consent, recipient selection, funding of transplant costs, and possible conflict of interest. In the case of inter-vivos donation they relate again to donor consent and funding as well as to certain other matters-notably donor compensation, commerce in organs, and international sharing of organs. On the whole it is concluded that the countries of Latin America, together with the nations of the world in general, urgently need to develop more comprehensive legislation on organ procurement and transplantation.
随着人体器官移植的医学障碍逐渐消除，严重的法律和伦理障碍却出现了。本文概述了这些障碍，并考虑了1989年16个拉丁美洲国家现行的相关立法。作者分别从尸体器官捐赠和活体器官捐赠入手，研究与之相关的主要伦理和法律问题。对于尸体器官捐赠，这些问题主要涉及捐赠者的同意、接受者的选择、移植费用的资助以及可能存在的利益冲突。对于活体器官捐赠，这些问题同样涉及捐赠者的同意和资助，以及其他一些问题——特别是捐赠者补偿、器官交易和器官的国际共享。总体而言，得出的结论是，拉丁美洲国家以及世界各国迫切需要制定更全面的器官获取和移植立法。
