Bush Mary A, Bush Peter J, Sheets H David
Laboratory for Forensic Odontology Research, School of Dental Medicine, SUNY at Buffalo, B1 Squire Hall, S. Campus, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2011 Jan;56(1):118-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01531.x. Epub 2010 Aug 23.
Recent scrutiny of forensic science has focused on unreliability of expert witness testimony when based on statements of individuality. In bitemark analysis, assumptions regarding uniqueness of the dentition have been based on use of the product rule while ignoring correlation and nonuniformity of dental arrangement. To examine the effect of these factors, two separate sets of scanned dental models (n=172 and n=344) were measured and statistically tested to determine match rates. Results were compared to those of a prior study. Seven and 16 matches of the six anterior lower teeth were found in the respective data sets. Correlations and nonuniform distributions of tooth positions were observed. Simulation tests were performed to verify results. Results indicate that given experimental measurement parameters, statements of dental uniqueness with respect to bitemark analysis in an open population are unsupportable and that use of the product rule is inappropriate.
近期对法医学的审查聚焦于专家证人基于个体识别陈述提供的证词的不可靠性。在咬痕分析中，关于牙列唯一性的假设一直基于乘积法则的应用，却忽略了牙齿排列的相关性和不均匀性。为研究这些因素的影响，对两组单独扫描的牙齿模型（n = 172和n = 344）进行测量并进行统计测试以确定匹配率。将结果与之前一项研究的结果进行比较。在各自的数据集中分别发现了7例和16例下颌六颗前牙匹配的情况。观察到牙齿位置的相关性和非均匀分布。进行了模拟测试以验证结果。结果表明，鉴于实验测量参数，在开放人群中关于咬痕分析的牙齿唯一性陈述是无法支持的，并且乘积法则的使用是不合适的。
