Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Ergonomics. 2010 Sep;53(9):1097-107. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2010.502252.
The high prevalence of low back injuries in nursing has prompted the use of mechanical lift assists while overall assessment of activities and postures remains limited. The purpose of this study was to chronicle trunk posture and work tasks of long-term healthcare professionals. An inclinometer monitored trunk posture for 27 workers, 20 of whom were also observed continuously throughout their shift. Patient lifts and transfers accounted for less than 4% of the shift while patient care, unloaded standing and walking and miscellaneous tasks accounted for 85%. Manual lifts and transfers occurred twice as often as mechanically assisted lifts but took only half the time. The workers had a median trunk flexion angle of 9.2 degrees , spent 25% of their time flexed beyond 30 degrees and had peak flexion angles greater than 75 degrees in many tasks. Analysis of posture throughout the entire working shift indicates that, in addition to lifts and transfers, emphasis needs to be placed on patient care and miscellaneous activities when assessing injury risk for nurses. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Patient handling has been the focus in the effort to reduce back pain and injury in nursing. In addition to the use of mechanical lifts, there is a need to examine other aspects of nursing, including patient care and other ancillary tasks, which comprise the majority of the work shift and, while often unloaded, exhibit extreme postures that may also lead to injury.
护理中腰背部损伤高发促使人们使用机械起重辅助设备，而对活动和姿势的整体评估仍然有限。本研究旨在记录长期从事医疗保健工作者的躯干姿势和工作任务。倾斜计监测了 27 名工人的躯干姿势，其中 20 名工人在整个轮班期间也被连续观察。患者起重和转移仅占轮班时间的不到 4%，而患者护理、无负载站立和行走以及杂务则占 85%。手动起重和转移的发生频率是机械辅助起重的两倍，但时间仅为其一半。工人们的躯干弯曲角度中位数为 9.2 度，有 25%的时间弯曲超过 30 度，在许多任务中弯曲角度超过 75 度。对整个工作班次的姿势进行分析表明，除了起重和转移外，在评估护士受伤风险时，还需要关注患者护理和杂务活动。相关性陈述：患者处理一直是减少护理中背痛和伤害的重点。除了使用机械起重设备外，还需要检查护理的其他方面，包括患者护理和其他辅助任务，这些任务构成了大部分工作班次，虽然通常没有负载，但仍会出现可能导致受伤的极端姿势。
