Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA 30060, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Jul 4;21(7):876. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21070876.
The perception of work is closely linked to body reactions that facilitate task performance. Previous studies have shown that psychosocial work factors significantly impact employee health on both psychological and physical levels, though their cross-sectional designs limit causal interpretations. In this study, participants performed sitting and standing tasks under four different levels of mental workload. The NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) assessed mental workload perception across six dimensions, while Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) scores evaluated body postures for standing and sitting tasks, respectively. This study examined the effects of alarms, distractions, and time constraints-common psychosocial factors in healthcare environments-on human behavior. We compared NASA-TLX scores with corresponding REBA/RULA scores to evaluate how perceived mental workload affects body postures. One-way ANOVA assessed the impact of experimental conditions on response variables, and Pearson correlation analyses explored the relationships between psychosocial factors and these variables. Results indicated that alarm conditions most negatively impacted mental workload perception and body postures. Temporal demand and effort scores were particularly affected by psychosocial factors in both tasks. Gender influenced physical demand and performance scores (higher in females) for the standing task but did not affect REBA and RULA scores. These findings suggest that organizational and psychosocial factors significantly influence healthcare workers' behavior, health, and patient safety. Further research is needed to evaluate the specific effects of psychosocial factors on both physical and mental workload to understand the relationship between overall task workload and occupational disorders.
工作感知与促进任务表现的身体反应密切相关。先前的研究表明，心理社会工作因素在心理和生理层面上都对员工的健康产生重大影响，尽管它们的横断面设计限制了因果解释。在这项研究中，参与者在四种不同的心理工作负荷水平下进行坐姿和站姿任务。美国国家航空航天局任务负荷指数（NASA-TLX）评估了六个维度的心理工作负荷感知，而快速全身评估（REBA）和快速上肢评估（RULA）得分分别评估了站立和坐姿任务的身体姿势。这项研究考察了常见的心理社会因素（如报警、分心和时间限制）对人类行为的影响。我们将 NASA-TLX 分数与相应的 REBA/RULA 分数进行比较，以评估感知到的心理工作负荷如何影响身体姿势。单因素方差分析评估了实验条件对因变量的影响，Pearson 相关分析探讨了心理社会因素与这些变量之间的关系。结果表明，报警条件对心理工作负荷感知和身体姿势的负面影响最大。时间需求和努力得分在两个任务中都受到心理社会因素的特别影响。性别对站立任务的体力需求和绩效得分（女性较高）有影响，但对 REBA 和 RULA 得分没有影响。这些发现表明，组织和心理社会因素显著影响医疗保健工作者的行为、健康和患者安全。需要进一步研究来评估心理社会因素对身体和心理工作负荷的具体影响，以了解总体任务工作负荷与职业障碍之间的关系。
