Kolzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow 119991, Russia.
J Fish Biol. 2009 Aug;75(2):368-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02331.x.
Sequence variation in the mtDNA control region of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus and Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma from 56 Siberian and North American populations was analysed to assess their phylogeographic relationships and the origins of sympatric forms. Phylogenetic trees confirm the integrity of phylogroups reported in previous mtDNA studies except that the Siberian group does not separate as a single cluster. Haplotype network analysis indicates the proximity of Siberian and Atlantic haplotypes. These are considered as one Eurasian group represented by the Atlantic, east Siberian (interior Siberia including Transbaikalia, Taimyr) and Eurosiberian (Finland, Spitsbergen, Taimyr) sub-groups. Salvelinus alpinus with presumably introgressed Bering group (malma) haplotypes were found along eastern Siberian coasts up to the Olenek Bay and the Lena Delta region, where they overlap with the Eurasian group and in the easternmost interior region. It is proposed that Siberia was colonized by S. alpinus in two stages: from the west by the Eurasian group and later from the east by the Bering group. The high diversity of Eurasian group haplotypes in Siberia indicates its earlier colonization by S. alpinus as compared with the European Alps. This colonization was rapid, proceeded from a diverse gene pool, and was followed by differential survival of ancestral mtDNA lineages in different basins and regions, and local mutational events in isolated populations. The results presented here support a northern origin of Transbaikalian S. alpinus, the dispersion of S. alpinus to the Lake Baikal Basin from the Lena Basin, segregation of S. alpinus between Lena tributaries and their restricted migration over the divides between sub-basins. These results also support sympatric origin of intralacustrine forms of S. alpinus.
对来自 56 个西伯利亚和北美的北极红点鲑（Salvelinus alpinus）和多丽鲑（Dolley Varden Salvelinus malma）的 mtDNA 控制区序列变异进行了分析，以评估它们的系统地理关系和同域形式的起源。系统发育树证实了先前 mtDNA 研究中报告的系统发育群的完整性，除了西伯利亚群不分离为一个单独的聚类。单倍型网络分析表明西伯利亚和大西洋单倍型的接近。这些被认为是一个欧亚群体，由大西洋、东亚伯利亚（包括外贝加尔、泰梅尔）和欧亚伯利亚（芬兰、斯匹次卑尔根、泰梅尔）亚群代表。在鄂霍次克海沿岸的西伯利亚东部，发现了带有贝加尔群（malma）可能渗入的北极红点鲑，一直到奥伦克湾和勒拿三角洲地区，在那里它们与欧亚群体重叠，并在最东部的内陆地区重叠。据推测，西伯利亚是由两种北极红点鲑群体分两个阶段殖民的：欧亚群体从西部，贝加尔群体从东部。西伯利亚欧亚群体的单倍型多样性很高，表明与欧洲阿尔卑斯山相比，北极红点鲑更早地殖民了西伯利亚。这种殖民是迅速的，来自一个多样化的基因库，随后是不同的祖先 mtDNA 谱系在不同的盆地和地区的生存差异，以及孤立种群中的局部突变事件。这里提出的结果支持外贝加尔的北极红点鲑的北部起源，北极红点鲑从勒拿盆地扩散到贝加尔湖盆地，北极红点鲑在勒拿支流之间分离，以及它们在子流域之间的分水岭上的限制迁移。这些结果也支持同域的北极红点鲑的湖泊内形式的起源。
