Dept. of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010 Aug;20(4):307-21. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.20.4.307.
This study investigated the effect of ingesting 0.3 g/kg body weight (BW) of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) on physiological responses, gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability, and sprint performance in elite rugby union players.
Twenty-five male rugby players, age 21.6 (2.6) yr, participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Sixty-five minutes after consuming 0.3 g/kg BW of either NaHCO₃ or placebo, participants completed a 25-min warm-up followed by 9 min of high-intensity rugby-specific training followed by a rugby-specific repeated-sprint test (RSRST). Whole-blood samples were collected to determine lactate and bicarbonate concentrations and pH at baseline, after supplement ingestion, and immediately after the RSRST. Acute GI discomfort was assessed by questionnaire throughout the trials, and chronic GI discomfort was assessed during the 24 hr postingestion.
After supplement ingestion and immediately after the RSRST, blood HCO₃⁻ concentration and pH were higher for the NaHCO₃ condition than for the placebo condition (p < .001). After the RSRST, blood lactate concentrations were significantly higher for the NaHCO₃ than for the placebo condition (p < .001). There was no difference in performance on the RSRST between the 2 conditions. The incidence of belching, stomachache, diarrhea, stomach bloating, and nausea was higher after ingestion of NaHCO₃ than with placebo (all p < .050). The severity of stomach cramps, belching, stomachache, bowel urgency, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach bloating, and flatulence was rated worse after ingestion of NaHCO₃ than with placebo (p < .050).
NaHCO₃ supplementation increased blood HCO₃⁻ concentration and attenuated the decline in blood pH compared with placebo during high-intensity exercise in well-trained rugby players but did not significantly improve exercise performance. The higher incidence and greater severity of GI symptoms after ingestion of NaHCO₃ may negatively affect physical performance, and the authors strongly recommend testing this supplement during training before use in competitive situations.
本研究旨在探讨摄入 0.3 克/公斤体重（BW）的碳酸氢钠（NaHCO₃）对精英橄榄球运动员的生理反应、胃肠道（GI）耐受性和冲刺表现的影响。
25 名年龄为 21.6（2.6）岁的男性橄榄球运动员参与了一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照交叉试验。在摄入 0.3 克/公斤 BW 的 NaHCO₃或安慰剂后 65 分钟，参与者完成了 25 分钟的热身，随后进行了 9 分钟的高强度橄榄球专项训练，然后进行了一项橄榄球专项重复冲刺测试（RSRST）。在基线、补充摄入后和 RSRST 后立即采集全血样本，以确定乳酸和碳酸氢盐浓度以及 pH 值。通过问卷在整个试验过程中评估急性胃肠道不适，在摄入后 24 小时内评估慢性胃肠道不适。
补充摄入后和 RSRST 后，碳酸氢盐组的血液 HCO₃⁻浓度和 pH 值均高于安慰剂组（p <.001）。RSRST 后，碳酸氢盐组的血液乳酸浓度明显高于安慰剂组（p <.001）。在 RSRST 中，两种条件之间的表现没有差异。与安慰剂相比，碳酸氢盐组在摄入后出现呃逆、胃痛、腹泻、胃胀和恶心的发生率更高（均 p <.050）。与安慰剂相比，碳酸氢盐组摄入后腹部绞痛、呃逆、胃痛、肠鸣、腹泻、呕吐、胃胀和胀气的严重程度更高（p <.050）。
与安慰剂相比，在训练有素的橄榄球运动员进行高强度运动时，碳酸氢钠补充剂增加了血液 HCO₃⁻浓度，并减轻了血液 pH 值的下降，但并未显著提高运动表现。摄入碳酸氢钠后更高的胃肠道症状发生率和更严重的胃肠道症状可能会对身体表现产生负面影响，作者强烈建议在竞争性情况下使用该补充剂之前，在训练中进行测试。
