Carnevale P, Mouchet J
Département Santé O.R.S.T.O.M., Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération, Montpellier.
Med Trop (Mars). 1990 Oct-Dec;50(4):391-8.
Vector control is an integral part of malaria control. Limiting parasite transmission vector control must be considered as one of the main preventive measure. Indeed it prevents transmission of Plasmodium from man to vector and from vector to man. But vector control must be adapted to local situation to be efficient and feasible. Targets of vector control can be larval and/or adults stages. In both cases 3 main methods are currently available: physical (source reduction), chemical (insecticides) and biological tolls. Antilarval control is useful only in some particular circumstances (unstable malaria, island, oasis...) Antiadult control is mainly based upon house-spraying while pyrethroid treated bed nets is advocated regarding efficiency, simple technique and cheap price. Vector control measures could seem restricted but can be very efficient if political will is added to a right choice of adapted measures, a good training of involved personal and a large information of the population concerned with vector control.
病媒控制是疟疾控制不可或缺的一部分。限制寄生虫传播,病媒控制必须被视为主要预防措施之一。事实上,它可防止疟原虫在人与人、人与病媒之间传播。但病媒控制必须因地制宜,才能有效且可行。病媒控制的目标可以是幼虫和/或成虫阶段。在这两种情况下,目前有三种主要方法:物理方法(减少源头)、化学方法(杀虫剂)和生物手段。幼虫控制仅在某些特定情况下有用(不稳定疟疾地区、岛屿、绿洲等)。成虫控制主要基于室内喷洒,而经拟除虫菊酯处理的蚊帐因其效率高、技术简单且价格便宜而受到推崇。病媒控制措施看似有限,但如果有政治意愿,加上正确选择适用措施、对相关人员进行良好培训以及向病媒控制相关人群进行广泛宣传,就会非常有效。