维持 Hox 基因表达模式。

Maintenance of Hox gene expression patterns.

机构信息

Molecular Epigenetics Group, Department of Zoology, Life Sciences Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

出版信息

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;689:41-62. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6673-5_3.

DOI:10.1007/978-1-4419-6673-5_3

PMID:20795321

Abstract

Once established, homeotic gene (Hox) expression is maintained in the original pattern by Polycomb-group (PcG) and trithorax-group (trxG) proteins therefore named maintenance proteins (MPs). PcG and trxG proteins maintain silencing and activation of Hox and many other genes, respectively. We provide here a brief overview of genetics and molecular biology of these proteins and of a third class of proteins termed Enhancers of Trithorax and Polycomb (ETP) that are required for both maintenance of silencing and activation of Hox genes. We examine the recruitment of MPs onto maintenance elements (MEs), their role in the regulation of transcription and the epigenetic marks that could provide maintenance. Lastly, we discuss two important roles of PcG proteins in replication of DNA and stem cell renewal and maintenance.

摘要

一旦建立，同源异型基因（Hox）的表达通过 Polycomb 组（PcG）和 trithorax 组（trxG）蛋白以维持原始模式，因此被命名为维持蛋白（MPs）。PcG 和 trxG 蛋白分别维持 Hox 和许多其他基因的沉默和激活。在这里，我们简要概述了这些蛋白质的遗传学和分子生物学，以及第三类被称为 Enhancers of Trithorax 和 Polycomb（ETP）的蛋白质，它们对于 Hox 基因的沉默和激活的维持都是必需的。我们检查了 MPs 募集到维持元件（MEs）上的情况，它们在转录调控中的作用以及可能提供维持的表观遗传标记。最后，我们讨论了 PcG 蛋白在 DNA 复制和干细胞更新和维持中的两个重要作用。