Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, 309 Regent Street, London, UK.
Med Teach. 2010;32(9):715-26. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2010.505454.
The objective of this educational guide is to outline the major facets of effective small group learning, particularly applied to medicine. These are discussion skills, methods, the roles and responsibilities of tutors and students, the dynamics of groups and the effects of individuals. It is argued that the bases of effective small group learning are discussion skills such as listening, questioning and responding. These skills are the platform for the methods of facilitating discussion and thinking. The facilitating methods strengthen the generic methods, such as tutorials, seminars and electronic tutorials. However, the success of these methods is dependent in part upon the roles and responsibilities taken by students and tutors and the consequent group dynamic. The group dynamic can be adversely affected by individuals. Evaluation of the processes of small group learning can provide diagnoses of the behaviour of difficult individuals. More importantly, studies of the processes can help to develop more effective small group learning.
本教育指南的目的是概述有效小组学习的主要方面，特别是在医学方面的应用。这些方面包括讨论技巧、方法、导师和学生的角色和责任、小组的动态以及个人的影响。本文认为，有效小组学习的基础是讨论技巧，例如倾听、提问和回应。这些技能是促进讨论和思考的方法的平台。促进方法加强了通用方法，例如辅导、研讨会和电子辅导。然而，这些方法的成功在一定程度上取决于学生和导师所承担的角色和责任，以及随之而来的小组动态。小组动态可能会受到个体的不利影响。对小组学习过程的评估可以对困难个体的行为进行诊断。更重要的是，对这些过程的研究有助于发展更有效的小组学习。
