Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, DE-07745 Jena, Germany.
Science. 2010 Aug 27;329(5995):1075-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1191634.
Plants emit green leaf volatiles (GLVs) in response to herbivore damage, thereby attracting predators of the herbivores as part of an indirect defense. The GLV component of this indirect defense was thought to be a general wound signal lacking herbivore-specific information. We found that Manduca sexta-infested Nicotiana attenuata attract the generalist hemipteran predator Geocoris spp. as the result of an herbivore-induced decrease in the (Z)/(E) ratio of released GLVs, and that these changes in the volatile bouquet triple the foraging efficiency of predators in nature. These (E)-isomers are produced from plant-derived (Z)-isomers but are converted by a heat-labile constituent of herbivore oral secretions. Hence, attacking herbivores initiate the release of an indirect defense a full day before the attacked plants manufacture their own defensive compounds.
植物受到食草动物的伤害后会释放绿叶挥发物（GLVs），从而吸引食草动物的捕食者，这是间接防御的一部分。这种间接防御的 GLV 成分被认为是一种缺乏特定食草动物信息的一般伤口信号。我们发现，烟草原生种受烟夜蛾侵害后会吸引通用半翅目捕食者横纹芫菁属，这是由于释放的 GLVs 的（Z）/（E）比值因食草动物的侵害而降低，而这些挥发性混合物的变化使捕食者在自然环境中的觅食效率提高了两倍。这些（E）-异构体是由植物衍生的（Z）-异构体产生的，但被食草动物口腔分泌物中一种不耐热的成分转化。因此，攻击植物的食草动物在被攻击的植物产生自己的防御化合物的整整一天前就启动了间接防御。
