Johnson G O, Housh T J, Powell D R, Ansorge C J
Center for Youth Fitness and Sports Research, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1990 Dec;30(4):361-4.
Ten female body builders (FBB) (X age +/- SD = 30.40 +/- 8.22 years) and ten female power lifters (FPL) (X age +/- SD = 25.20 +/- 6.01 years) were studied to determine group differences in body composition, strength and anaerobic characteristics. All subjects had been training a minimum of two years and twelve of the subjects had competed nationally while the remainder had participated in regional or local events. Measures of body build and body composition were obtained via hydrostatic weighing, skinfolds (sum of 7), circumferences (sum of 13) and diameters (sum of 9). Flexion and extension strength of the dominant forearm and leg were measured with a Cybex II dynamometer at 60 degrees/second. Anaerobic power and capacity were determined using the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Independent t-tests indicated the FPL had significantly greater body weight (X +/- SD = 68.60 +/- 3.60 vs 56.47 +/- 0.85 kg), relative fat (21.47 +/- 1.29 vs 13.51 +/- 1.46%), sum of skinfolds (120.76 +/- 7.55 vs 71.46 +/- 7.02 mm), sum of diameters (177.57 +/- 2.97 vs 168.17 +/- 2.55 cm), and sum of circumferences (594.93 +/- 13.10 vs 551.24 +/- 3.17). No significant differences were found for fat-free weight, strength or anaerobic power and capacity. These results demonstrate subtle but specific differences between well-trained FBB and FPL reflecting the leaner physiques and smaller skeletal structures of the FBB necessary for the definition and symmetry demanded by the sport. The lack of differences in strength and anaerobic characteristics reflect the similarity of the groups in basic training techniques.
对十名女性健美运动员（FBB）（年龄均值±标准差=30.40±8.22岁）和十名女性力量举运动员（FPL）（年龄均值±标准差=25.20±6.01岁）进行了研究，以确定两组在身体成分、力量和无氧特征方面的差异。所有受试者至少已训练两年，其中12名受试者参加过全国比赛，其余受试者参加过地区或当地赛事。通过水下称重、皮褶厚度（7处之和）、围度（13处之和）和直径（9处之和）来获取身体形态和身体成分的测量数据。使用Cybex II测力计在60度/秒的速度下测量优势前臂和腿部的屈伸力量。采用温盖特无氧测试来测定无氧功率和无氧能力。独立样本t检验表明，女性力量举运动员的体重显著更大（均值±标准差=68.60±3.60 vs 56.47±0.85千克）、相对脂肪含量更高（21.47±1.29 vs 13.51±1.46%）、皮褶厚度之和更大（120.76±7.55 vs 71.46±7.02毫米）、直径之和更大（177.57±2.97 vs 168.17±2.55厘米）以及围度之和更大（594.93±13.10 vs 551.24±3.17）。在去脂体重、力量或无氧功率及能力方面未发现显著差异。这些结果表明，训练有素的女性健美运动员和女性力量举运动员之间存在细微但特定的差异，这反映出女性健美运动员为了满足该运动所要求的清晰度和对称性，拥有更瘦的体格和更小的骨骼结构。力量和无氧特征方面缺乏差异反映了两组在基本训练技术上的相似性。
