Centre for Applied Research in Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University Groningen, The Netherlands. e.weening-dijksterhuis @ pl.hanze.nl
Gerontology. 2011;57(5):405-13. doi: 10.1159/000318151. Epub 2010 Aug 26.
As the world population ages, the number of people with diminished performance on the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) increases. A reliable and valid measure needs to be developed to determine the effects of interventions focused at increasing self-care abilities. We developed the Performance ADL Test (PAT) for this purpose.
The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the PAT in older people living in residential homes.
The PAT contains 16 test items, covering the entire range of Basic ADL and Instrumental ADL performance in elderly people. For this assessment, 40 older people (mean age of 85 ± 7.5 years) participated. All 40 subjects lived in residential institutions in the Netherlands, were able to walk at least 10 m, could understand instructions spoken in Dutch, and had no cognitive impairment. During the first test session, subjects completed the PAT, the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (GARS), and performance-based physical fitness tests. Two weeks later, subjects were retested on the PAT.
Factor analysis revealed three subscales: Organization of Performance, Gross Motor Function, and Fine Motor Function. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) of all scales and subscales ranged from 0.731 to 0.881. Test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation) ranged from 0.316 to 0.950. Paired sample t-tests revealed no significant differences between subject performance obtained during the two test periods. Pearson's correlations between the PAT and the GARS ranged from 0.490 to 0.831, and between the PAT and the fitness tests from 0.317 to 0.781.
Although the number of participants was limited (n = 40), the PAT seems to be a useful instrument for assessing ADL performance in older people living in residential homes. In general, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity were satisfactory.
随着世界人口老龄化，日常生活活动（ADL）能力下降的人数增加。需要开发一种可靠且有效的方法来衡量旨在提高自我护理能力的干预措施的效果。我们为此开发了性能 ADL 测试（PAT）。
本研究旨在调查 PAT 在居住在养老院的老年人中的可靠性和有效性。
PAT 包含 16 个测试项目，涵盖老年人基本 ADL 和工具性 ADL 表现的整个范围。在这项评估中，有 40 名老年人（平均年龄 85 ± 7.5 岁）参与。所有 40 名受试者均居住在荷兰的养老院，能够至少行走 10 米，能够理解用荷兰语说出的指令，并且没有认知障碍。在第一次测试期间，受试者完成了 PAT、格罗宁根活动限制量表（GARS）和基于表现的身体功能测试。两周后，受试者再次进行 PAT 测试。
因素分析显示出三个子量表：表现组织、大运动功能和精细运动功能。所有量表和子量表的内部一致性（Cronbach's α）范围为 0.731 至 0.881。测试-重测信度（组内相关系数）范围为 0.316 至 0.950。配对样本 t 检验显示两次测试期间受试者的表现没有显著差异。PAT 与 GARS 之间的 Pearson 相关系数范围为 0.490 至 0.831，PAT 与体能测试之间的相关系数范围为 0.317 至 0.781。
尽管参与者人数有限（n = 40），但 PAT 似乎是评估居住在养老院的老年人日常生活活动能力的有用工具。总体而言，内部一致性、测试-重测信度和有效性令人满意。
