Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2011 Mar;18(3):416-27. doi: 10.1007/s11356-010-0387-y. Epub 2010 Aug 27.
The aims of this paper were to quantify the heavy metals (HM) in the air of different sites in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and Salvador (SA) using Tillandsia usneoides (Bromeliaceae) as a biomonitor, and to study the morphology and elemental composition of the air particulate matter (PM) retained on the Tillandsia surface.
Tillandsia samples were collected in a noncontaminated area and exposed to the air of five sites in RJ State and seven in SA for 45 days, in two seasons. Samples were prepared to HM quantification by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while morphological and elemental characterizations were studied by using scanning electron microscopy.
HM concentrations were significantly higher when compared to control sites. We found an increasing metal concentration as follows: Cd < Cr < Pb < Cu < Zn. PM exhibited a morphology varying from amorphous- to polygonal-shaped particles. Size measurements indicated that more than 80% of particles were less than 10 μm. PM contained aluminosilicates iron-rich particles, but Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ba were also detected.
HM input in the atmosphere was mainly associated with anthropogenic sources such as vehicle exhaust. Elemental analysis detected HM in the inhalable particles, indicating that those HMs may intensify the toxic effects of PM on human health. Our results indicated T. usneoides as an adequate biomonitor of HM in the PM belonging to the inhalable fraction.
本文旨在利用空气凤梨（凤梨科）作为生物监测器，量化里约热内卢（里约热内卢州）和萨尔瓦多（巴伊亚州）不同地点空气中的重金属（HM），并研究滞留在空气凤梨表面的空气颗粒物（PM）的形态和元素组成。
在非污染区采集空气凤梨样本，并将其暴露于里约热内卢州 5 个地点和巴伊亚州 7 个地点的空气中 45 天，分两个季节进行。样本通过火焰原子吸收分光光度法进行 HM 定量准备，同时通过扫描电子显微镜研究形态和元素特征。
与对照点相比，HM 浓度明显更高。我们发现金属浓度呈如下递增趋势：Cd<Cr<Pb<Cu<Zn。PM 呈现出从无定形到多边形形状的颗粒形态。尺寸测量表明，超过 80%的颗粒小于 10μm。PM 含有富铝硅酸盐的铁颗粒，但也检测到 Zn、Cu、Cr 和 Ba。
大气中 HM 的输入主要与车辆尾气等人为来源有关。元素分析检测到可吸入颗粒物中的 HM，表明这些 HM 可能会加剧 PM 对人类健康的毒性影响。我们的结果表明，空气凤梨是可吸入颗粒物中 HM 的有效生物监测器。
