Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Núcleo Prof. Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável - SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Núcleo Prof. Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável - SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Environ Res. 2023 Sep 15;233:116435. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116435. Epub 2023 Jun 16.
In this study, samples of bromeliad Tillandsia usneoides (n = 70) were transplanted and exposed for 15 and 45 days in 35 outdoor residential areas in Brumadinho (Minas Gerais state, Brazil) after one of the most severe mining dam collapses in the world. Trace elements aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) were quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. Scanning electron microscope generated surface images of T. usneoides fragments and particulate matter (PM, PM and PM ). Aluminum, Fe and Mn stood out from the other elements reflecting the regional geological background. Median concentrations in mg kg increased (p < 0.05) between 15 and 45 days for Cr (0.75), Cu (1.23), Fe (474) and Mn (38.1), while Hg (0.18) was higher at 15 days. The exposed-to-control ratio revealed that As and Hg increased 18.1 and 9.4-fold, respectively, not showing a pattern associated only with the most impacted sites. The PM analysis points to a possible influence of the prevailing west wind on the increase of total particles, PM and PM in transplant sites located to the east. Brazilian public health dataset revealed increase in cases of some cardiovascular and respiratory diseases/symptoms in Brumadinho in the year of the dam collapse (1.38 cases per 1000 inhabitants), while Belo Horizonte capital and its metropolitan region recorded 0.97 and 0.37 cases, respectively. Although many studies have been carried out to assess the consequences of the tailings dam failure, until now atmospheric pollution had not yet been evaluated. Furthermore, based on our exploratory analysis of human health dataset, epidemiological studies are required to verify possible risk factors associated with the increase in hospital admissions in the study area.
在这项研究中，从世界上最严重的采矿大坝溃坝之一的巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州布鲁马迪尼奥（Brumadinho）的 35 个户外住宅区中，采集了 70 份凤梨科铁兰（Tillandsia usneoides）样本，并将其移植暴露 15 天和 45 天。采用原子吸收光谱法测定了微量元素铝（Al）、砷（As）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、汞（Hg）、锰（Mn）、镍（Ni）和锌（Zn）。扫描电子显微镜生成了 T. usneoides 碎片和颗粒物（PM、PM 和 PM）的表面图像。铝、铁和锰与其他元素相比显得尤为突出，反映了该地区的地质背景。在 15 天和 45 天之间，Cr（0.75）、Cu（1.23）、Fe（474）和 Mn（38.1）的中值浓度增加（p<0.05），而 Hg（0.18）在 15 天更高。暴露与对照比值表明，As 和 Hg 分别增加了 18.1 倍和 9.4 倍，且没有仅与受影响最严重的地点相关的模式。PM 分析表明，位于东部的移植点总颗粒物、PM 和 PM 的增加可能受到盛行西风的影响。巴西公共卫生数据集显示，大坝溃坝当年布鲁马迪尼奥的一些心血管和呼吸系统疾病/症状的病例数增加（每 1000 名居民 1.38 例），而贝洛奥里藏特首府及其大都市区的记录分别为 0.97 和 0.37 例。尽管已经进行了许多研究来评估尾矿坝失事的后果，但直到现在，大气污染尚未得到评估。此外，根据我们对人类健康数据集的探索性分析，需要进行流行病学研究，以验证与研究区域住院人数增加相关的可能危险因素。
