Lacey J M, Wilmore D W
Laboratory for Surgical Metabolism and Nutrition, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
Nutr Rev. 1990 Aug;48(8):297-309. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02967.x.
The nonessential amino acid glutamine has recently been the focus of extensive scientific interest because of its importance in cell and tissue cultures and its physiologic role in animals and humans. Glutamine appears to be a unique amino acid, serving as a preferred respiratory fuel for rapidly proliferating cells, such as enterocytes and lymphocytes; a regulator of acid-base balance through the production of urinary ammonia; a carrier of nitrogen between tissues; and an important precursor of nucleic acids, nucleotides, amino sugars, and proteins. Abundant evidence suggests that glutamine may become a "conditionally essential" amino acid in the critically ill. During stress the body's requirements for glutamine appear to exceed the individual's ability to produce sufficient amounts of this amino acid. Provision of supplemental glutamine in specialized enteral or parenteral feeding may enhance nutritional management and augment recovery of the seriously ill while minimizing hospital stay.
非必需氨基酸谷氨酰胺最近成为广泛科学关注的焦点，这是因为它在细胞和组织培养中具有重要性，以及在动物和人类中的生理作用。谷氨酰胺似乎是一种独特的氨基酸，可作为快速增殖细胞（如肠上皮细胞和淋巴细胞）首选的呼吸燃料；通过产生尿氨来调节酸碱平衡；作为组织间氮的载体；以及核酸、核苷酸、氨基糖和蛋白质的重要前体。大量证据表明，在重症患者中谷氨酰胺可能成为一种“条件必需”氨基酸。在应激状态下，身体对谷氨酰胺的需求似乎超过了个体产生足够量这种氨基酸的能力。在专门的肠内或肠外营养中提供补充谷氨酰胺，可能会加强营养管理，促进重症患者的康复，同时尽量缩短住院时间。
