AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2010 Nov;60(11):1978-87. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.031. Epub 2010 Aug 30.
Natural waters often contain complex mixtures of unknown contaminants potentially posing a threat to marine communities through chemical interactions. Here, acute effects of the photosystem II-inhibiting herbicides diuron, tebuthiuron, atrazine, simazine, and hexazinone, herbicide breakdown products (desethyl-atrazine (DEA) and 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA)) and binary mixtures, were investigated using three tropical benthic microalgae; Navicula sp. and Cylindrotheca closterium (Ochrophyta) and Nephroselmis pyriformis (Chlorophyta), and one standard test species, Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Ochrophyta), in a high-throughput Maxi-Imaging-PAM bioassay (Maxi-IPAM). The order of toxicity was; diuron > hexazinone > tebuthiuron > atrazine > simazine > DEA > 3,4-DCA for all species. The tropical green alga N. pyriformis was up to 10-fold more sensitive than the diatoms tested here and reported for coral symbionts, and is recommended as a standard tropical test species for future research. All binary mixtures exhibited additive toxicity, and the use of herbicide equivalents (HEq) is therefore recommended in order to incorporate total-maximum-load measures for environmental regulatory purposes.
天然水中通常含有复杂的未知污染物混合物，这些污染物可能通过化学相互作用对海洋生物群落构成威胁。在这里，使用三种热带底栖微藻（Navicula sp.和Cylindrotheca closterium（黄藻）和Nephroselmis pyriformis（绿藻））和一种标准测试物种，Phaeodactylum tricornutum（黄藻），在高通量 Maxi-Imaging-PAM 生物测定法（Maxi-IPAM）中研究了 photosystem II 抑制剂除草剂敌草隆、特丁津、莠去津、西玛津和己酮草醚、除草剂分解产物（去乙基莠去津（DEA）和 3,4-二氯苯胺（3,4-DCA））和二元混合物对海洋生物的急性影响。所有物种的毒性顺序为：敌草隆>己酮草醚>特丁津>莠去津>西玛津>DEA>3,4-DCA。热带绿藻 N. pyriformis 比这里测试的硅藻和报道的珊瑚共生体敏感 10 倍，被推荐为未来研究的标准热带测试物种。所有二元混合物均表现出相加毒性，因此建议使用除草剂当量 (HEq)，以便为环境监管目的纳入最大允许负荷措施。
