Biological Engineering Program, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Jul;38(7):819-24. doi: 10.1007/s10295-010-0847-x. Epub 2010 Aug 30.
To date in the US, production of renewable fuels, particularly ethanol, is primarily from food crops that are high in sugar and starch. The use of arable land for fuel rather than food production and the use of a food source for fuel rather than food have created issues in pricing and availability of traditional foods and feed. The use of cattails to produce biofuel will add value to land and also reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by replacing petroleum products. In order to investigate the feasibility of converting cattails into cellulosic ethanol, a hot-water pretreatment process was studied using a Dionex accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) varying treatment temperature and time. The pretreatment at 190°C for more than 10 min could effectively dissolve the xylan fraction of cattails as soluble oligomers. Both the glucose yield and xylose yield obtained from the pretreated cattails increased with the escalation of the final pretreatment temperature, treatment time or enzyme loading. When cattails were pretreated at 190°C for 15 min, the highest glucose yield of 77.6% from the cellulose was achieved in 48 h using a cellulase loading of 60 FPU/g glucan. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24858) was able to ferment glucose released by cattail cellulose, resulting in approximately 88.7 ± 2.8% of the theoretical ethanol yield. The higher enzyme loading of 60 FPU/g glucan will significantly increase costs. It is recommended that further studies be carried out using cattails as a feedstock for bio-fuels, especially to optimize the economics of biological conversion processes for cattails with regard to reducing enzyme usage, energy input, glucose yield and xylose yield.
迄今为止，在美国，可再生燃料的生产，特别是乙醇，主要来自含糖量和淀粉量高的粮食作物。将可耕地用于燃料生产而不是粮食生产，以及将粮食用作燃料而不是食物，这在传统食品和饲料的价格和供应方面造成了问题。利用香蒲生产生物燃料将为土地增值，并用生物制品替代石油产品，减少温室气体排放。为了研究将香蒲转化为纤维素乙醇的可行性，使用 Dionex 加速溶剂萃取器（ASE）在不同的处理温度和时间下对热水预处理过程进行了研究。在 190°C 下处理超过 10 分钟可以有效地将香蒲的木聚糖部分溶解为可溶性低聚物。预处理后的香蒲的葡萄糖产率和木糖产率均随最终预处理温度、处理时间或酶加载量的升高而增加。当香蒲在 190°C 下预处理 15 分钟时，在 48 小时内使用 60 FPU/g 纤维素的纤维素酶加载量，从纤维素中获得的葡萄糖产率最高为 77.6%。酵母 Saccharomyces cerevisiae（ATCC 24858）能够发酵香蒲纤维素释放的葡萄糖，产生约 88.7±2.8%的理论乙醇产率。较高的 60 FPU/g 纤维素酶用量会显著增加成本。建议进一步研究香蒲作为生物燃料的原料，特别是优化生物转化过程的经济性，以减少酶用量、能源投入、葡萄糖产率和木糖产率。
