Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011 Mar;11(3):239-45. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0251. Epub 2010 Aug 30.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Leishmania infantum infection within a feline population by serologic and molecular methods and to identify associated risk factors. One hundred five cats living outdoors were studied. Sera were tested for IgG antibodies against L. infantum, Toxoplasma gondii, and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and for the detection of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) p27 antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). L. infantum real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on DNA extracted from blood. L. infantum and T. gondii seroprevalence rates were 13.2% and 55.2%, respectively. The prevalence of L. infantum by PCR was 8.7%. The total rate of L. infantum infection derived from seroreactivity and/or positive PCR was 15.4%. Serology and PCR results were positively associated, and moderate agreement (kappa = 0.489) was found between Leishmania ELISA and PCR. No statistical association was found between positive Leishmania PCR results and gender, clinical status, or T. gondii seropositivity. Six of the 105 cats (5.7%) displayed clinical signs compatible with feline cutaneous leishmaniosis, and 4 out of these 6 cats (66.7%) were found to have Leishmania infection by means of serology and/or PCR. Leishmania seropositivity was associated with clinical signs of feline cutaneous leishmaniosis (p = 0.029). The prevalence of FeLV p27 antigen was 16.2% (17/105) and of FIV antibody was 20.9% (22/105), with coinfection found in 9.5% (10/105) of the cats. Leishmania ELISA seroreactivity and positive PCR results were statistically associated with FeLV infection and with coinfection of both retroviruses but not with a positive FIV status. The high seroprevalence and molecular rates of Leishmania infection observed indicate that cats are frequently infected with L. infantum, and the association with FeLV suggests a potential role for this retrovirus in feline Leishmania infection in endemic areas.
本研究旨在通过血清学和分子方法评估猫群中利什曼原虫感染的流行率，并确定相关的危险因素。研究了 105 只生活在户外的猫。检测了血清中针对利什曼原虫、刚地弓形虫和猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV）的 IgG 抗体，并通过酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测了猫白血病病毒（FeLV）p27 抗原。从血液中提取 DNA 后，进行利什曼原虫实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）。利什曼原虫和刚地弓形虫的血清阳性率分别为 13.2%和 55.2%。PCR 检测到的利什曼原虫阳性率为 8.7%。来自血清反应性和/或阳性 PCR 的利什曼原虫总感染率为 15.4%。血清学和 PCR 结果呈正相关，利什曼原虫 ELISA 和 PCR 之间存在中度一致性（kappa=0.489）。PCR 结果阳性与性别、临床状况或刚地弓形虫血清阳性无统计学关联。105 只猫中有 6 只（5.7%）出现了与猫皮肤利什曼病相符的临床症状，其中 4 只（66.7%）通过血清学和/或 PCR 发现了利什曼原虫感染。利什曼原虫血清阳性与猫皮肤利什曼病的临床症状有关（p=0.029）。FeLV p27 抗原的阳性率为 16.2%（17/105），FIV 抗体的阳性率为 20.9%（22/105），9.5%（10/105）的猫同时感染了这两种病毒。利什曼原虫 ELISA 血清反应性和阳性 PCR 结果与 FeLV 感染以及这两种逆转录病毒的合并感染呈统计学相关，但与 FIV 阳性状态无关。观察到的利什曼原虫感染的高血清学和分子流行率表明，猫经常感染利什曼原虫，而与 FeLV 的关联表明，在流行地区，这种逆转录病毒可能在猫的利什曼原虫感染中发挥作用。
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