Spada Eva, Castelli Germano, Bruno Federica, Vitale Fabrizio, La Russa Francesco, Biondi Vito, Accettulli Sara, Migliazzo Antonella, Rossi Aurora, Perego Roberta, Baggiani Luciana, Proverbio Daniela
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Leishmaniosi (C.Re.Na.L), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
Pathogens. 2023 Nov 14;12(11):1351. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12111351.
Feline leishmaniosis is a worldwide infection caused by the parasite of the genus transmitted by sandflies. Based on the complexity of epidemiology and diagnosis of this infection, the role of cats in the epidemiology and clinical impact of disease is still under debate. By using serological and molecular methods, this study aimed to update the epidemiology of the infection in different feline populations from various areas of Italy and to study factors associated with the infection. Of 1490 cats tested, 124 (8.3%, 95% CI 6.9-9.9) were infected, 96 had only specific IgG, 18 were only positive for parasite DNA and 10 were both IFAT and qPCR positive. Risk factors for infection were sampling in the winter season (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.2-4.8), originating from the Sicily region (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.0), male gender (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.2), outdoor lifestyle (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 0.9-5.6) and seropositivity for FIV antibodies (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-4.2), while sampling in the spring (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.7) and summer (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.7), and originating from the Lazio region (OR = 0.1, 95% CI 0.05-0.4) were protective factors for infection. In endemic areas, infection should be investigated by using both serological and molecular methods and cats should be protected from sandfly bites, particularly if they are FIV infected.
猫利什曼病是一种由白蛉传播的利什曼原虫属寄生虫引起的全球性感染。鉴于这种感染的流行病学和诊断的复杂性，猫在该疾病的流行病学和临床影响中的作用仍存在争议。本研究通过血清学和分子方法，旨在更新意大利不同地区不同猫群中该感染的流行病学情况，并研究与感染相关的因素。在1490只接受检测的猫中，124只（8.3%，95%置信区间6.9 - 9.9）被感染，96只仅有特异性IgG，18只仅寄生虫DNA呈阳性，10只免疫荧光抗体试验（IFAT）和定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）均呈阳性。感染的危险因素包括冬季采样（比值比[OR]=3.2，95%置信区间2.2 - 4.8）、来自西西里岛地区（OR = 2.0，95%置信区间1.3 - 3.0）、雄性（OR = 1.8，95%置信区间1.1 - 3.2）、户外生活方式（OR = 2.3，95%置信区间0.9 - 5.6）和猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV）抗体血清阳性（OR = 2.2，95%置信区间1.2 - 4.2），而春季（OR = 0.5，95%置信区间0.3 - 0.7）和夏季采样（OR = 0.3，95%置信区间0.1 - 0.7）以及来自拉齐奥地区（OR = 0.1，95%置信区间0.05 - 0.4）是感染的保护因素。在流行地区，应采用血清学和分子方法对感染进行调查，并且应保护猫免受白蛉叮咬，特别是如果它们感染了FIV。
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