Laboratory of Physiological and Evolutionary Genomics, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Oct 1;400(4):599-605. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.110. Epub 2010 Sep 8.
Vertebrate akirin genes usually form a family with one-to-three members that regulate gene expression during the innate immune response, carcinogenesis and myogenesis. We recently established that an expanded family of eight akirin genes is conserved across salmonid fish. Here, we measured mRNA levels of the akirin family of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during the differentiation of primary myoblasts cultured from fast-skeletal muscle. Using hierarchical clustering and correlation, the data was positioned into a network of expression profiles including twenty further genes that regulate myogenesis. akirin1(2b) was not significantly regulated during the maturation of the cell culture. akirin2(1a) and 2(1b), along with IGF-II and several igfbps, were most highly expressed in mononuclear cells, then significantly and constitutively downregulated as differentiation proceeded and myotubes formed/matured. Conversely, akirin1(1a), 1(1b), 1(2a), 2(2a) and 2(2b) were expressed at lowest levels when mononuclear cells dominated the culture and highest levels when confluent layers of myotubes were evident. However, akirin1(2a) and 2(2a) were first upregulated earlier than akirin1(1a), 1(1b) and 2(2b), when rates of myoblast proliferation were highest. Interestingly, akirin1(1b), 1(2a), 2(2a) and 2(2b) formed part of a module of co-expressed genes involved in muscle differentiation, including myod1a, myog, mef2a, 14-3-3β and 14-3-3γ. All akirin paralogues were expressed ubiquitously across ten tissues, although mRNA levels were regulated between cell-types and family members. Gene expression patterns were often highly correlated between akirin paralogues, suggesting that natural selection has maintained an intricate network of co-regulation among family members. We concluded that the Atlantic salmon akirin family performs a multifaceted role during myogenesis and has physiological functions spanning many cell-types.
脊椎动物的 akirin 基因通常形成一个家族，有一到三个成员，在固有免疫反应、致癌作用和肌生成过程中调节基因表达。我们最近证实，鲑鱼科鱼类中存在一个扩展的 akirin 基因家族。在这里，我们测量了大西洋鲑（Salmo salar L.）原代肌母细胞培养过程中 akirin 家族的 mRNA 水平。使用层次聚类和相关性，将数据定位到一个包括 20 个调节肌生成的基因的表达谱网络中。akirin1(2b)在细胞培养成熟过程中没有明显调节。akirin2(1a)和 2(1b)以及 IGF-II 和几种 igfbps 在单核细胞中表达最高，然后随着分化的进行和肌管的形成/成熟而显著下调。相反，akirin1(1a)、1(1b)、1(2a)、2(2a)和 2(2b)在单核细胞主导培养物时表达水平最低，在肌管融合层明显时表达水平最高。然而，当肌母细胞增殖率最高时，akirin1(2a)和 2(2a)比 akirin1(1a)、1(1b)和 2(2b)更早上调。有趣的是，akirin1(1b)、1(2a)、2(2a)和 2(2b)是参与肌肉分化的共表达基因模块的一部分，包括 myod1a、myog、mef2a、14-3-3β 和 14-3-3γ。所有 akirin 基因都在十种组织中广泛表达，尽管细胞类型和家族成员之间的 mRNA 水平存在调节。akirin 基因的表达模式通常高度相关，这表明自然选择维持了家族成员之间复杂的共调控网络。我们得出结论，大西洋鲑的 akirin 家族在肌生成过程中发挥着多方面的作用，具有跨越多种细胞类型的生理功能。
