Schwartz D, Jungl E, Neumeister A
Institut für Blutgruppenserologie, Universität Wien.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 1990;140(22):547-50.
It is a crucial and yet unresolved problem of immunology, how the allogeneic fetus can escape the rejection of the maternal immune system. There is a lot of evidence that certain maternal immune reactions at an early stage of gestation are essential for fetal survival, but the precise mechanisms are unknown. Antibodies against fetal histocompatibility antigens are found in healthy pregnant women, whereas they are not demonstrable in the serum of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortions. Furthermore, if antibodies can be induced by leucocyte injections, a high percentage (60 to 85%) of patients have a next pregnancy without complications. In first studies, the passive transfer of antibodies by infusion of intravenous gammaglobulins has shown similar results.
同种异体胎儿如何逃脱母体免疫系统的排斥，这是免疫学中一个关键但尚未解决的问题。有大量证据表明，妊娠早期某些母体免疫反应对胎儿存活至关重要，但确切机制尚不清楚。健康孕妇体内可检测到针对胎儿组织相容性抗原的抗体，而反复自然流产患者的血清中则检测不到。此外，如果通过注射白细胞诱导抗体产生，那么高比例（60%至85%）的患者下次妊娠将不会出现并发症。在最初的研究中，通过静脉输注丙种球蛋白被动转移抗体也显示出类似结果。
