Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA.
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2011;51:25-43. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100517.
It has been demonstrated that all the known processes involved in cancer, including apoptosis, proliferation, survival, and metastasis, are regulated by small regulatory noncoding RNAs consisting of approximately 19-25 nucleotides; these are named microRNAs (miRNAs). Both loss and gain of miRNA function contribute to cancer development through the upregulation and silencing, respectively, of different target genes. Experimental evidence indicates that the use of miRNA mimics or anti-microRNAs may represent a powerful therapeutic strategy to interfere with key molecular pathways involved in cancer. This review provides insights about how micro- RNAs act as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and how these findings, along with our increasing understanding of miRNA regulation, can be applied to optimize recent miRNA-based technologies and make them suitable for clinical applications.
已经证明，癌症涉及的所有已知过程，包括细胞凋亡、增殖、存活和转移，都受到由大约 19-25 个核苷酸组成的小调控非编码 RNA 的调控；这些被命名为 microRNAs（miRNAs）。miRNA 功能的缺失和获得分别通过上调和沉默不同的靶基因，都有助于癌症的发展。实验证据表明，使用 miRNA 模拟物或抗 miRNA 可能代表一种通过干扰参与癌症的关键分子途径来进行治疗的有效策略。本综述介绍了 microRNAs 如何作为癌基因和抑癌基因发挥作用，以及这些发现，以及我们对 miRNA 调控的理解不断加深，如何应用于优化最近的 miRNA 技术，并使它们适合临床应用。
