Ozkan Kerem, Braunstein Myron L
University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Vis cogn. 2010 Feb;18(2):229-254. doi: 10.1080/13506280802674101.
The projected height of an object in a scene relative to a ground surface influences its perceived size and distance, but the effect of height should change when the object is moved above the horizon. In four experiments, observers judged relative size or relative distance for pairs of objects varying in height with respect to the horizon. Higher objects equal in projected size were judged larger below the horizon, but the relative size effect was reversed either when one object was on the horizon and one was above the horizon or when both objects were above the horizon. With the real horizon not explicitly present in the display, relative size judgments were affected both by the boundary of the visible surface and the vanishing point implied by the converging lines. For relative distance judgments, the higher object was judged more distant regardless of the height of the objects relative to the perceptual horizon, resulting in a reversal of the relation between size and distance judgments for objects above the horizon.
场景中物体相对于地面的预计高度会影响其感知大小和距离，但当物体移至地平线以上时，高度的影响应该会发生变化。在四项实验中，观察者判断了相对于地平线高度不同的成对物体的相对大小或相对距离。投影大小相等的较高物体在地平线以下时被判断为更大，但当一个物体在地平线上而另一个物体在地平线以上或两个物体都在地平线以上时，相对大小效应会发生逆转。由于显示器中未明确呈现真实地平线，相对大小判断既受可见表面边界的影响，也受汇聚线所暗示的消失点的影响。对于相对距离判断，无论物体相对于感知地平线的高度如何，较高的物体都被判断为距离更远，导致地平线以上物体的大小和距离判断之间的关系发生逆转。
