Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0811, USA.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2010 Nov;7(4):226-33. doi: 10.1007/s11904-010-0060-6.
Heavy alcohol use is commonplace among HIV-infected individuals; however, the extent that alcohol use adversely impacts HIV disease progression has not been fully elucidated. Fairly strong evidence suggests that heavy alcohol consumption results in behavioral and biological processes that likely increase HIV disease progression, and experimental evidence of the biological effect of heavy alcohol on simian immunodeficiency virus in macaques is quite suggestive. However, several observational studies of the effect of heavy alcohol consumption on HIV progression conducted in the 1990s found no association of heavy alcohol consumption with time to AIDS diagnosis, while some more recent studies showed associations of heavy alcohol consumption with declines of CD4 cell counts and nonsuppression of HIV viral load. We discuss several plausible biological and behavioral mechanisms by which alcohol may cause HIV disease progression, evidence from prospective observational human studies, and suggest future research to further illuminate this important issue.
在 HIV 感染者中，大量饮酒是很常见的；然而，饮酒对 HIV 疾病进展的影响程度尚未完全阐明。相当有力的证据表明，大量饮酒会导致行为和生物学过程，这些过程可能会增加 HIV 疾病的进展，而且在猕猴中，大量饮酒对猿猴免疫缺陷病毒的生物学影响的实验证据也非常有启发性。然而，在 20 世纪 90 年代进行的几项关于大量饮酒对 HIV 进展影响的观察性研究发现，大量饮酒与艾滋病诊断时间之间没有关联，而最近的一些研究则表明，大量饮酒与 CD4 细胞计数下降和 HIV 病毒载量未得到抑制有关。我们讨论了酒精可能导致 HIV 疾病进展的几个合理的生物学和行为机制，以及来自前瞻性观察性人类研究的证据，并提出了未来的研究方向，以进一步阐明这一重要问题。
