Mathews T J, MacDorman Marian F
Division of Vital Statistics, U.S, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA.
Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2010 Apr 30;58(17):1-31.
This report presents 2006 period infant mortality statistics from the linked birth/infant death data set (linked file) by a variety of maternal and infant characteristics. The linked file differs from the mortality file, which is based entirely on death certificate data.
Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted.
The U.S. infant mortality rate was 6.68 infant deaths per 1,000 live births in 2006, a 3 percent decline from 6.86 in 2005. Infant mortality rates ranged from 4.52 per 1,000 live births for Central and South American mothers to 13.35 for non-Hispanic black mothers. Infant mortality rates were higher for those infants whose mothers were born in the 50 states or the District of Columbia, were unmarried, or were born in multiple deliveries. Infant mortality was also higher for male infants and infants born preterm or at low birthweight. The neonatal mortality rate was essentially unchanged in 2006 (4.46) from 2005 (4.54). The postneonatal mortality rate decreased 4 percent, from 2.32 in 2005 to 2.22 in 2006. Infants born at the lowest gestational ages and birthweights have a large impact on overall U.S. infant mortality. For example, more than half of all infant deaths in the United States in 2006 (54 percent) occurred to the 2 percent of infants born very preterm (less than 32 weeks of gestation). Still, infant mortality rates for late preterm infants (34-36 weeks of gestation) were three times those for term infants (37-41 weeks). The three leading causes of infant death--congenital malformations, low birthweight, and sudden infant death syndrome--taken together accounted for 46 percent of all infant deaths. The percentage of infant deaths that were "preterm-related" was 36.1 percent in 2006. The preterm-related infant mortality rate for non-Hispanic black mothers was 3.4 times higher and the rate for Puerto Rican mothers was 84 percent higher than for non-Hispanic white mothers.
本报告呈现了2006年期间通过链接的出生/婴儿死亡数据集（链接文件），按各种孕产妇和婴儿特征统计的婴儿死亡率。该链接文件与完全基于死亡证明数据的死亡率文件不同。
呈现并解读数据的描述性表格。
2006年美国婴儿死亡率为每1000例活产中有6.68例婴儿死亡，较2005年的6.86下降了3%。婴儿死亡率范围从出生于中美洲和南美洲的母亲的每1000例活产4.52例，到非西班牙裔黑人母亲的13.35例。母亲出生于50个州或哥伦比亚特区、未婚或多胎分娩的婴儿，其死亡率更高。男婴以及早产或低体重出生的婴儿死亡率也更高。2006年新生儿死亡率（4.46）与2005年（4.54）基本持平。出生后死亡率下降了4%，从2005年的2.32降至2006年的2.22。孕周和出生体重最低的婴儿对美国总体婴儿死亡率有很大影响。例如，2006年美国超过一半（54%）的婴儿死亡发生在2%的极早产（孕周小于32周）婴儿中。不过，晚期早产儿（孕周34 - 36周）的死亡率是足月儿（孕周37 - 41周）的三倍。婴儿死亡的三大主要原因——先天性畸形、低体重和婴儿猝死综合征——合计占所有婴儿死亡的46%。2006年与早产相关的婴儿死亡百分比为36.1%。非西班牙裔黑人母亲的与早产相关的婴儿死亡率比非西班牙裔白人母亲高3.4倍，波多黎各母亲的这一死亡率比非西班牙裔白人母亲高84%。
