Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2011 Nov;46(11):1103-14. doi: 10.1007/s00127-010-0282-3. Epub 2010 Sep 5.
To investigate age and sex-specific changes in rates, methods used and characteristics of suicide attempters receiving medical care, over a 15-year period in two European WHO catchment areas (Stockholm, Sweden; and Würzburg, Germany).
The data for this study were obtained from the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour for the period 1989-2003. Sex-specific, person-based suicide attempt rates were calculated for each year separately for the age groups 15-24 and 25 or above. The Chi-square test for trend was applied to estimate changes in proportions of socio-demographic and socio-economic variables.
Significantly, increasing trends in suicide attempt rates occurred in young females, and in males and females aged 25 or above in Würzburg. On the contrary, men 25 years and above showed a significant decrease in suicide attempt rates in Stockholm. Young females in Würzburg tended to use less violent methods for their attempts whereas in Stockholm young females were increasingly inclined to attempt suicide using violent methods. In Stockholm, young female suicide attempters tended to be more often economically inactive, particularly due to an increasing proportion of students. Young females in Würzburg were often less well educated, as were their young male counterparts. This contrasted with trends in the education of men and women of 25 or above in Stockholm.
The results of this study suggest temporal changes in trends, methods used and in the social profile of suicide attempters.
在 15 年的时间里，调查两个欧洲世界卫生组织（WHO）抽样区（瑞典斯德哥尔摩和德国维尔茨堡）中接受医疗护理的自杀未遂者的年龄和性别特定的发生率、使用方法和特征变化。
这项研究的数据来自于 1989-2003 年期间的 WHO/EURO 多中心自杀行为研究。为每个年龄组（15-24 岁和 25 岁及以上）分别计算了每年特定性别、基于个人的自杀未遂率。应用卡方趋势检验来估计社会人口统计学和社会经济学变量比例的变化。
在斯德哥尔摩，25 岁及以上的男性和女性自杀未遂率呈显著上升趋势；而在维尔茨堡，年轻女性和 25 岁及以上的男性和女性自杀未遂率呈显著上升趋势。相反，斯德哥尔摩 25 岁及以上的男性自杀未遂率呈显著下降趋势。在维尔茨堡，年轻女性在试图自杀时倾向于使用不太暴力的方法，而在斯德哥尔摩，年轻女性越来越倾向于使用暴力手段自杀。在斯德哥尔摩，年轻女性自杀未遂者往往更经常处于非经济活跃状态，尤其是因为学生的比例增加。在维尔茨堡，年轻女性往往受教育程度较低，年轻男性也是如此。这与斯德哥尔摩 25 岁及以上的男性和女性的教育趋势形成对比。
这项研究的结果表明，自杀未遂者的趋势、使用方法和社会特征随时间发生了变化。
