Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA.
Annu Rev Entomol. 2011;56:445-64. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120709-144828.
Among the animals, the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) are second only to beetles in number of described species and are known for their striking intra- and interspecific diversity. Within species, sexual dimorphism is a source of variation in life history (e.g., sexual size dimorphism and protandry), morphology (e.g., wing shape and color pattern), and behavior (e.g., chemical and visual signaling). Sexual selection and mating systems have been considered the primary forces driving the evolution of sexual dimorphism in the Lepidoptera, and alternative hypotheses have been neglected. Here, we examine opportunities for sexual selection, natural selection, and the interplay between the two forces in the evolution of sexual differences in the moths and butterflies. Our primary goal is to identify mechanisms that either facilitate or constrain the evolution of sexual dimorphism, rather than to resolve any perceived controversy between hypotheses that may not be mutually exclusive.
在动物中，鳞翅目（蛾和蝴蝶）在已描述物种的数量上仅次于甲虫，并且以其显著的种内和种间多样性而闻名。在种内，性二型现象是生活史（例如，性大小二型和雌雄先后性成熟）、形态（例如，翅膀形状和颜色模式）和行为（例如，化学和视觉信号）变化的一个来源。性选择和交配系统被认为是推动鳞翅目性二型进化的主要力量，而替代假说则被忽视了。在这里，我们研究了性选择、自然选择以及这两种力量在蛾和蝴蝶的性别差异进化中的相互作用的机会。我们的主要目标是确定促进或限制性二型进化的机制，而不是解决可能不是相互排斥的假说之间任何看似存在的争议。
