TG Masaryk Water Research Institute Prague, Ostrava Branch Office, Macharova 5, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Environ Monit Assess. 2011 Jul;178(1-4):349-59. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1694-y. Epub 2010 Sep 9.
Water ecosystems are threatened by accidental spills of pollution. Rapidity and trueness of information gathering the biological impact of accidental pollution is crucial for the efficiency of the minimisation of possible deterioration of ecosystems and for success in detecting the source of pollution. Due to the randomised occurrence of accidental spills the only way to quickly detect hazardous situations is to perform continuous monitoring of surface water quality. The current situation in the field of early warning in the International Odra (Oder) River basin is not satisfactory. The actual number of monitoring stations and list of routinely continuously monitored parameters are not able to meet the needs of sensitive and rapid detection of biological impact of accidental pollution spills. An effort to change this unfavourable situation was the reason for the offer survey, selection and a model operation of a commercially produced biological monitoring device. This apparatus was located on the border-line profile on the territory of the Czech Republic and represented the first and only one tool of continual biological monitoring of surface water quality in the International Odra (Oder) River Basin. The selected apparatus was the Daphnia Toximeter produced by the firm bbe Moldaenke (Kiel, Germany). This device exploited for rapid detection of changes of biological quality of surface water evaluation of behavioural response of monitoring organisms-daphnids. Five years of model operation proved its suitability for early warning purposes. The apparatus was reliable in function and sensitive enough to detect the deterioration of the biological quality of the river water. The given examples document its applicability not only for detection of accidental spills but also of illegal emissions of pollution, which are very often toxic.
水生态系统受到污染意外泄漏的威胁。快速、准确地收集污染对生物影响的信息，对于减少生态系统可能恶化的效率和成功检测污染来源至关重要。由于意外泄漏是随机发生的，快速检测危险情况的唯一方法是对地表水质量进行连续监测。目前，在国际奥得（Odra）河流域的预警领域，情况并不理想。实际的监测站数量和常规连续监测参数的清单都无法满足对意外污染泄漏的生物影响进行敏感和快速检测的需求。改变这种不利局面的努力是提出调查、选择和模型操作商业生产的生物监测设备的原因。该设备位于捷克共和国境内的边界剖面，是国际奥得（Odra）河流域地表水质量连续生物监测的第一个也是唯一的工具。所选设备是 bbe Moldaenke（基尔，德国）公司生产的 Daphnia Toximeter。该设备用于快速检测地表水生物质量变化，评估监测生物——水蚤的行为反应。五年的模型运行证明了它适合预警目的。该仪器性能可靠，灵敏度足以检测河水生物质量的恶化。所给出的例子证明了它不仅适用于检测意外泄漏，也适用于非法排放的污染，这些污染往往是有毒的。
