Xu Hua-Shan, Xu Zong-Xue, Tang Fang-Fang, Yu Wei-Dong, Cheng Yan-Ping
Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2012 Feb;33(2):359-69.
In this study, several statistical methods including cluster analysis, seasonal Kendall test, factor analysis/principal component analysis and principal component regression were used to evaluate the spatiotemporal variation of water quality and identify the sources of water pollution in the Zhangweinan River basin. Results of spatial cluster analysis and principal component analysis indicated that the Zhangweinan River basin can be classified into two regions. One is the Zhang River upstream located in the northwest of the Zhangweinan River basin where water quality is good. The other one covers the Wei River and eastern plain of the Zhangweinan River basin, where water is seriously polluted. In this region, pollutants from point sources flow into the river and the water quality changes greatly. Results of temporal cluster analysis and seasonal Kendall test indicated that the study periods may be classified into three periods and two different trends were detected during the period of 2002-2009. The first period was the year of 2002-2003, during which water quality had deteriorated and serious pollution was observed in the Wei river basin and eastern plain of the Zhangweinan River basin. The second period was the year of 2004-2006, during which water quality became better. The year of 2007-2009 is the third period, during which water quality had been improved greatly. Despite that water quality in the Zhangweinan River basin had been improved during the period of 2004-2009, the water quality in the Wei River (southwestern part of the basin), the Wei Canal River and the Zhangweixin River (eastern plain of the basin) is still poor. Principal component analysis and multi-linear regression of the absolute principal component scores showed that the main pollutants of the Zhangweinan River basin came from point source discharge such as heavy industrial wastewater, municipal sewage, chemical industries wasterwater and mine drainage in upstream. Non-point source pollution such as agricultural pollution and runoff pollution caused by heavy rainfalls also showed considerable impact on water quality in the Zhangweinan River basin during flood seasons. These results provide useful information for better pollution control strategies in the Zhangweinan River basin.
本研究采用聚类分析、季节性肯达尔检验、因子分析/主成分分析和主成分回归等多种统计方法,对漳卫南运河流域水质的时空变化进行评估,并识别水污染来源。空间聚类分析和主成分分析结果表明,漳卫南运河流域可分为两个区域。一个是位于漳卫南运河流域西北部的漳河上游,水质良好。另一个区域涵盖卫河及漳卫南运河流域东部平原,水污染严重。在该区域,点源污染物排入河流,水质变化很大。时间聚类分析和季节性肯达尔检验结果表明,研究期可分为三个时期,在2002 - 2009年期间检测到两种不同趋势。第一个时期是2002 - 2003年,在此期间水质恶化,卫河流域和漳卫南运河流域东部平原出现严重污染。第二个时期是2004 - 2006年,在此期间水质有所改善。2007 - 2009年是第三个时期,在此期间水质有了很大改善。尽管漳卫南运河流域水质在2004 - 2009年期间有所改善,但卫河(流域西南部)、卫运河和漳卫新河(流域东部平原)的水质仍然较差。主成分分析和绝对主成分得分的多元线性回归表明,漳卫南运河流域的主要污染物来自点源排放,如上游的重工业废水、城市污水、化工废水和矿山排水。非点源污染,如农业污染和暴雨造成的径流污染,在汛期对漳卫南运河流域的水质也有相当大的影响。这些结果为漳卫南运河流域更好的污染控制策略提供了有用信息。